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Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Borniquel S, et al. Dietary inorganic nitrate improves mitochondrial efficiency in humans. Cell Metabolism. 2011;13(2):149–59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21284982/
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Engan HK, Jones AM, Ehrenberg F, Schagatay E. Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves dry static apnea performance. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2012;182(2–3):53–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22588047/
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Bailey SJ, Winyard P, Vanhatalo A, et al. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2009;107(4):1144–55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19661447/
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European Food Safety Authority. Nitrate in vegetables: Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food chain. EFSA J. 2008;689:1–79. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2008.689
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Rocha BS, Laranjinha J. Nitrate from diet might fuel gut microbiota metabolism: minding the gap between redox signaling and inter-kingdom communication. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020;149:37–43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32045656/
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Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Ekblom B, et al. Dietary nitrate reduces resting metabolic rate: a randomized, crossover study in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99(4):843–50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24500154/
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What we eat in America, NHANES 2017–March 2020 prepandemic. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1720/Table_1_NIN_GEN_1720.pdf. Published 2022. Accessed January 13, 2023.; https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1720/Table_1_NIN_GEN_1720.pdf
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Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Ekblom B, et al. Dietary nitrate reduces resting metabolic rate: a randomized, crossover study in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99(4):843–50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24500154/
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Kwok CS, Gulati M, Michos ED, et al. Dietary components and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a review of evidence from meta-analyses. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26(13):1415–29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30971126/
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Van De Walle GP, Vukovich MD. The effect of nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(6):1796–808. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29786633/
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Campos HO, Drummond LR, Rodrigues QT, et al. Nitrate supplementation improves physical performance specifically in non-athletes during prolonged open-ended tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2018;119(6):636–57. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29553034/
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Bailey SJ, Winyard P, Vanhatalo A, et al. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;107(4):1144–55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19661447/
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Lara J, Ashor AW, Oggioni C, Ahluwalia A, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Effects of inorganic nitrate and beetroot supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(2):451–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25764393/
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Carter SJ, Gruber AH, Raglin JS, Baranauskas MN, Coggan AR. Potential health effects of dietary nitrate supplementation in aging and chronic degenerative disease. Med Hypotheses. 2020;141:109732. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32294579/
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Sim M, Lewis JR, Blekkenhorst LC, et al. Dietary nitrate intake is associated with muscle function in older women. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019;10(3):601–10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30907070/
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Coggan AR, Hoffman RL, Gray DA, et al. A single dose of dietary nitrate increases maximal knee extensor angular velocity and power in healthy older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;75(6):1154–60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31231758/
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de Oliveira GV, Morgado M, Conte-Junior CA, Alvares TS. Acute effect of dietary nitrate on forearm muscle oxygenation, blood volume and strength in older adults: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0188893. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29190751/
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Borlaug BA. Cardiac aging and the fountain of youth. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(6):611–2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27072490/
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Rammos C, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Totzeck M, et al. Impact of dietary nitrate on age-related diastolic dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(6):599–610. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27118445/
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Lara J, Ashor AW, Oggioni C, Ahluwalia A, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Effects of inorganic nitrate and beetroot supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(2):451–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25764393/
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Walker MA, Bailey TG, McIlvenna L, Allen JD, Green DJ, Askew CD. Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves flow mediated dilatation of the superficial femoral artery in healthy older males. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):E954. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31035478/
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Kenjale AA, Ham KL, Stabler T, et al. Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011;110(6):1582–91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21454745/
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McDonagh ST, Wylie LJ, Morgan PT, Vanhatalo A, Jones AM. A randomised controlled trial exploring the effects of different beverages consumed alongside a nitrate-rich meal on systemic blood pressure. Nutr Health. 2018;24(3):183–92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30099933/
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Murphy M, Eliot K, Heuertz RM, Weiss E. Whole beetroot consumption acutely improves running performance. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(4):548–52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22709704/
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Clements WT, Lee SR, Bloomer RJ. Nitrate ingestion: a review of the health and physical performance effects. Nutrients. 2014;6(11):5224–64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25412154/
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Hord NG, Tang Y, Bryan NS. Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(1):1–10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19439460/
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Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr. 2013;143(6):818–26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23596162/
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Blekkenhorst LC, Lewis JR, Prince RL, et al. Nitrate-rich vegetables do not lower blood pressure in individuals with mildly elevated blood pressure: a 4-wk randomized controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;107(6):894–908. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29868911/
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Rosier BT, Buetas E, Moya-Gonzalvez EM, Artacho A, Mira A. Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):12895. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32732931/
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Bondonno CP, Liu AH, Croft KD, et al. Antibacterial mouthwash blunts oral nitrate reduction and increases blood pressure in treated hypertensive men and women. Am