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5515
Piro A, Tagarelli G, Lagonia P, Tagarelli A, Quattrone A. Casimir Funk: his discovery of the vitamins and their deficiency disorders. Ann Nutr Metab. 2010;57(2):85–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20805686/
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Casmir F. The Journal of State Medicine. Volume XX: 341–368, 1912. The etiology of the deficiency diseases, Beri-beri, polyneuritis in birds, epidemic dropsy, scurvy, experimental scurvy in animals, infantile scurvy, ship beri-beri, pellagra. Nutr Rev. 1975;33(6):176–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1095967/
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Semba RD. The discovery of the vitamins. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012;82(5):310–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23798048/
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Holman RT. The slow discovery of the importance of omega 3 essential fatty acids in human health. J Nutr. 1998;128(2 Suppl):427S-33S. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9478042/
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Davis BC, Kris-Etherton PM. Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: current knowledge and practical implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl):640S-6S. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12936959/
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Andrieu S, Guyonnet S, Coley N, et al. Effect of long-term omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation with or without multidomain intervention on cognitive function in elderly adults with memory complaints (MAPT): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(5):377–89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28359749/
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Hooper C, Vellas B. Commentary: Fatty acids and Alzheimer’s disease: evidence on cognition and cortical ß-amyloid from secondary analyses of the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2018;5(3):168–70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29972208/
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Witte AV, Kerti L, Hermannstädter HM, et al. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids improve brain function and structure in older adults. Cereb Cortex. 2014;24(11):3059–68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23796946/
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Zhang YP, Miao R, Li Q, Wu T, Ma F. Effects of DHA supplementation on hippocampal volume and cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;55(2):497–507. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27716665/
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Sun GY, Simonyi A, Fritsche KL, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): An essential nutrient and a nutraceutical for brain health and diseases. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018;136:3–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28314621/
5525
Muskiet FAJ, Fokkema MR, Schaafsma A, Boersma ER, Crawford MA. Is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) essential? Lessons from DHA status regulation, our ancient diet, epidemiology and randomized controlled trials. J Nutr. 2004;134(1):183–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14704315/
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Balachandar R, Soundararajan S, Bagepally BS. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in age-related cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;76(5):639–48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32060571/
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Lane KE, Wilson M, Hellon TG, Davies IG. Bioavailability and conversion of plant based sources of omega-3 fatty acids – a scoping review to update supplementation options for vegetarians and vegans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. Published online February 12, 2021:1–16.; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33576691/
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Davis BC, Kris-Etherton PM. Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: current knowledge and practical implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl):640S-6S. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12936959/
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Brainard JS, Jimoh OF, Deane KHO, et al. Omega-3, omega-6, and polyunsaturated fat for cognition: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(10):1439–50.e21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32305302/
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Danthiir V, Hosking D, Burns NR, et al. Cognitive performance in older adults is inversely associated with fish consumption but not erythrocyte membrane n-3 fatty acids. J Nutr. 2014;144(3):311–20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24927114/
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Laurin D, Verreault R, Lindsay J, Dewailly E, Holub BJ. Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2003;5(4):315–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14624027/
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Foley MM, Seidel I, Sevier J, Wendt J, Kogan M. One man’s swordfish story: the link between Alzheimer’s disease and mercury exposure. Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102499. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32951747/
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Xu L, Zhang W, Liu X, Zhang C, Wang P, Zhao X. Circulatory levels of toxic metals (aluminum, cadmium, mercury, lead) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a quantitative meta-analysis and systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;62(1):361–72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32761898/
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Srikumar TS, Johansson GK, Ockerman PA, Gustafsson JA, Akesson B. Trace element status in healthy subjects switching from a mixed to a lactovegetarian diet for 12 mo. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(4):885–90. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1550072/
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Sherzai D, Sherzai A. Preventing Alzheimer’s: our most urgent health care priority. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2019;13(5):451–61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31523210/
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Morris MC, Brockman J, Schneider JA, et al. Association of seafood consumption, brain mercury level, and APOE e4 status with brain neuropathology in older adults. JAMA. 2016;315(5):489–97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26836731/
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Glynn A, Aune M, Darnerud PO, et al. Determinants of serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds in Swedish pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health. 2007;6:2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17266775/
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Bourdon JA, Bazinet TM, Arnason TT, Kimpe LE, Blais JM, White PA. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist activity of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements: implications for daily intake of dioxins and PCBs. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(11):3093–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20692313/
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Arterburn LM, Oken HA, Bailey Hall E, Hamersley J, Kuratko CN, Hoffman JP. Algal-oil capsules and cooked salmon: nutritionally equivalent sources of docosahexaenoic acid. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(7):1204–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17713804/
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Greene J, Ashburn SM, Razzouk L, Smith DA. Fish oils, coronary heart disease, and the environment. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(9):1568–76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23409906/
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Cox PA, Sacks OW. Cycad neurotoxins, consumption of flying foxes, and ALS-PDC disease in Guam. Neurology. 2002;58(6):956–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11914415/
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Banack SA, Cox PA. Biomagnification of cycad neurotoxins in flying foxes: implications for ALS-PDC