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7461
Yao CK, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Review article: insights into colonic protein fermentation, its modulation and potential health implications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(2):181–96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26527169/
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Bosch S, Lemmen JPM, Menezes R, et al. The influence of lifestyle factors on fecal volatile organic compound composition as measured by an electronic nose. J Breath Res. 2019;13(4):046001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31170704/
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How you can limit your gas production. 12 tips for dealing with flatulence. Harv Health Lett. 2007;32(12):3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18246621/
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do Rosario VA, Fernandes R, Trindade EBS de M. Vegetarian diets and gut microbiota: important shifts in markers of metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Nutr Rev. 2016;74(7):444–54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27261272/
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Magee EA, Richardson CJ, Hughes R, Cummings JH. Contribution of dietary protein to sulfide production in the large intestine: an in vitro and a controlled feeding study in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(6):1488–94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11101476/
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Falony G, Vieira-Silva S, Raes J. Microbiology meets big data: the case of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2015;69:305–21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26274026/
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Rak K, Rader DJ. Cardiovascular disease: the diet-microbe morbid union. Nature. 2011;472(7341):40–1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21475185/
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Tang WHW, Wang Z, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(17):1575–84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23614584/
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Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2013;19(5):576–85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23563705/
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Farhangi MA, Vajdi M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Gut microbiota-associated metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and the risk of stroke: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2020;19(1):76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32731904/
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Zhai Q, Wang X, Chen C, et al. Prognostic value of plasma trimethylamine n-oxide levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2019;39(8):1201–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31332666/
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Zhu W, Wang Z, Tang WHW, Hazen SL. Gut microbe-generated trimethylamine N-oxide from dietary choline is prothrombotic in subjects. Circulation. 2017;135(17):1671–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438808/
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Brunt VE, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Casso AG, et al. Trimethylamine-N-oxide promotes age-related vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in mice and healthy humans. Hypertension. 2020;76(1):101–12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32520619/
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He Z, Chen ZY. What are missing parts in the research story of trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO)? J Agric Food Chem. 2017;65(26):5227–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28650144/
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Coras R, Kavanaugh A, Boyd T, et al. Choline metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), is associated with inflammation in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019;37(3):481–4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30620278/
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Eyupoglu ND, Caliskan Guzelce E, Acikgoz A, et al. Circulating gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and oral contraceptive use in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019;91(6):810–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31556132/
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Zeng ST, Guo L, Liu SK, et al. Egg consumption is associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(4):635–41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25108572/
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Tse G, Eslick GD. Egg consumption and risk of GI neoplasms: dose-response meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur J Nutr. 2014;53(7):1581–90. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24500371/
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Chan CWH, Law BMH, Waye MMY, Chan JYW, So WKW, Chow KM. Trimethylamine-N-oxide as one hypothetical link for the relationship between intestinal microbiota and cancer – where we are and where shall we go? J Cancer. 2019;10(23):5874–82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31737123/
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Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2017. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2019;68(6):1–77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32501203/
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Vogt NM, Romano KA, Darst BF, et al. The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2018;10(1):124. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30579367/
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Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2017. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2019;68(6):1–77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32501203/
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Ottiger M, Nickler M, Steuer C, et al. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) predicts fatal outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia patients without evident coronary artery disease. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;36:67–73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27567042/
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Rhee EP, Clish CB, Ghorbani A, et al. A combined epidemiologic and metabolomic approach improves CKD prediction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(8):1330–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23687356/
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Farhangi MA. Gut microbiota – dependent trimethylamine N-oxide and all-cause mortality: findings from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2020;78:110856. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32592979/
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Tang WH, Wang Z, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(17):1575–84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23614584/
7487
Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2013;19(5):576–85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23563705/
7488
Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2013;19(5):576–85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23563705/
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Demarquoy J, Georges, B, Rigault C, et al. Radioisotopic determination of L-carnitine content in foods commonly eaten in Western countries. Food Chem. 2004;86(1):137–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.09.023
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Stefan M, Sharp M, Gheith R, et al. L-carnitine tartrate supplementation for 5 weeks improves exercise recovery in men and women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2021;13(10):3432. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34684429/
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Koeth RA, Lam-Galvez BR, Kirsop J, et al. L–Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(1):373–87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530985/
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Hernández-Alonso P, Cañueto D, Giardina S, et al. Effect of