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Guber K, Pemmasani G, Malik A, Aronow WS, Yandrapalli S, Frishman WH. Statins and higher diabetes mellitus risk: incidence, proposed mechanisms, and clinical implications. Cardiol Rev. 2021;29(6):314–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32947479/
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Hong KN, Fuster V, Rosenson RS, Rosendorff C, Bhatt DL. How low to go with glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure in primary prevention of CVD. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(17):2171–85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050566/
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Glenn AJ, Li J, Lo K, et al. The Portfolio Diet and incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the Women’s Health Initiative prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(1):28–37. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36162007/
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Sliding scale for LDL: how low should you go? The target for the safest amount of “bad” cholesterol continues to drift downward. Harv Heart Lett. 2011;21(12):5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21991609/
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How low should your cholesterol go? Even lower may be better. For those at highest risk, very low cholesterol levels may help prevent a second heart attack or stroke. Health News. 2004;10(10):6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15584114/
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De Biase SG, Fernandes SFC, Gianini RJ, Duarte JLG. Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;88(1):35–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17364116/
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Kahleova H, Levin S, Barnard ND. Vegetarian dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;61(1):54–61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29800598/
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The US Burden of Disease Collaborators, Mokdad AH, Ballestros K, et al. The state of US health, 1990–2016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states. JAMA. 2018;319(14):1444–72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29634829/
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Huang Z, Xu A, Cheung BMY. The potential role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in lipid metabolism and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2017;19(4):28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28337713/
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Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies [published correction appears in Lancet. 2003;361(9362):1060]. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12493255/
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Kramer H, Cooper R. Pros and cons of intensive systolic blood pressure lowering. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(2):16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29511979/
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Kjeldsen SE, Os I, Westheim A. Could adverse events offset the benefit of intensive blood pressure lowering treatment in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial? J Hypertens. 2019;37(5):902–4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30920495/
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Fuster V. No such thing as ideal blood pressure: a case for personalized medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(25):3014–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27339499/
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Goldhamer A, Lisle D, Parpia B, Anderson SV, Campbell TC. Medically supervised water-only fasting in the treatment of hypertension. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001;24(5):335–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11416824/
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Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Biomedicine. Lowering LDL – not only how low, but how long? Science. 2006;311(5768):1721–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16556829/
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McGill HC, McMahan CA. Determinants of atherosclerosis in the young. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(10B):30T-6T. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9860371/
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Strong JP, Malcom GT, McMahan CA, et al. Prevalence and extent of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults: implications for prevention from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study. JAMA. 1999;281(8):727–35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10052443/
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Steinberg D, Glass CK, Witztum JL. Evidence mandating earlier and more aggressive treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 2008;118(6):672–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18678783/
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Myerburg RJ, Junttila MJ. 2012. Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary heart disease. Circulation. 28;125(8):1043–52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22371442/
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Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Biomedicine. Lowering LDL – not only how low, but how long? Science. 2006;311(5768):1721–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16556829/
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Steinberg D, Glass CK, Witztum JL. Evidence mandating earlier and more aggressive treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 2008;118(6):672–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18678783/
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Cohen J, Pertsemlidis A, Kotowski IK, Graham R, Garcia CK, Hobbs HH. Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9. Nat Genet. 2005;37(2):161–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15654334/
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Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH, Hobbs HH. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(12):1264–72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16554528/
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Robinson JG, Gidding SS. Curing atherosclerosis should be the next major cardiovascular prevention goal. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(25):2779–85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24814489/
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Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Biomedicine. Lowering LDL – not only how low, but how long? Science. 2006;311(5768):1721–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16556829/
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Wang N, Fulcher J, Abeysuriya N, et al. Intensive LDL cholesterol – lowering treatment beyond current recommendations for the prevention of major vascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials including 327¿037 participants. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(1):36–49. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862150/
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Shapiro MD, Bhatt DL. “Cholesterol-years” for ASCVD risk prediction and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(13):1517–20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32972527/
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Kaplan H, Thompson RC, Trumble BC, et al. Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: a cross-sectional cohort study. Lancet. 2017;389(10080):1730–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28320601/
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Penson PE, Pirro M, Banach M. LDL–C: lower is better for longer – even at low risk. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):320. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33032586/
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Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(32):2459–72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28444290/
