Ernst M, Gonka J, Povcher O, Kim J. Diet modification for overactive bladder: an evidence-based review. Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep. 2015;10(1):25–30. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11884-014-0285-0

3484

Dallosso H, Matthews R, McGrother C, Donaldson M. Diet as a risk factor for the development of stress urinary incontinence: a longitudinal study in women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(6):920–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15164113/

3485

Robinson D, Giarenis I, Cardozo L. You are what you eat: the impact of diet on overactive bladder and lower urinary tract symptoms. Maturitas. 2014;79(1):8–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25033724/

3486

Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women: Management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31008559/

3487

Burkhard FC, Bosch JLHR, Cruz F, et al. EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence. Vol 3. Eur Urol. 2011;59(3):387–400. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21130559/

3488

Le Berre M, Presse N, Morin M, et al. What do we really know about the role of caffeine on urinary tract symptoms? A scoping review on caffeine consumption and lower urinary tract symptoms in adults. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020;39(5):1217–33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32270903/

3489

Sun S, Liu D, Jiao Z. Coffee and caffeine intake and risk of urinary incontinence: a meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Urol. 2016;16(1):61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27716171/

3490

Muller N. Myths about incontinence in aging adults. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2009;55(5):22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20560204/

3491

Dasgupta J, Elliott RA, Doshani A, Tincello DG. Enhancement of rat bladder contraction by artificial sweeteners via increased extracellular Ca2+ influx. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006;217(2):216–24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17046038/

3492

Russo E, Caretto M, Giannini A, et al. Management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women: an EMAS clinical guide. Maturitas. 2021;143:223–30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33008675/

3493

Riemsma R, Hagen S, Kirschner-Hermanns R, et al. Can incontinence be cured? A systematic review of cure rates. BMC Med. 2017;15(1):63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28335792/

3494

Wagg A, Compion G, Fahey A, Siddiqui E. Persistence with prescribed antimuscarinic therapy for overactive bladder: a UK experience. BJU Int. 2012;110(11):1767–74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22409769/

3495

Hu JS, Pierre EF. Urinary incontinence in women: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2019;100(6):339–48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31524367/

3496

Riemsma R, Hagen S, Kirschner-Hermanns R, et al. Can incontinence be cured? A systematic review of cure rates. BMC Med. 2017;15(1):63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28335792/

3497

Cody JD, Jacobs ML, Richardson K, Moehrer B, Hextall A. Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;2012(10):CD001405. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23076892/

3498

Russo E, Caretto M, Giannini A, et al. Management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women: an EMAS clinical guide. Maturitas. 2021;143:223–30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33008675/

3499

Cody JD, Jacobs ML, Richardson K, Moehrer B, Hextall A. Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;2012(10):CD001405. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23076892/

3500

Russo E, Caretto M, Giannini A, et al. Management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women: an EMAS clinical guide. Maturitas. 2021;143:223–30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33008675/

3501

Kegel AH. Stress incontinence and genital relaxation; a nonsurgical method of increasing the tone of sphincters and their supporting structures. Ciba Clin Symp. 1952;4(2):35–51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14905555/

3502

Kegel exercises: a how-to guide for women. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises/art-20045283. Published September 15, 2020. Accessed August 24, 2022.; https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises/art-20045283

3503

Specht JKP. 9 myths of incontinence in older adults: both clinicians and the over-65 set need to know more. Am J Nurs. 2005;105(6):58–68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15930873/

3504

Nazarpour S, Simbar M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Alavi Majd H. Effects of sex education and Kegel exercises on the sexual function of postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial. J Sex Med. 2017;14(7):959–67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28601506/

3505

Vaughan CP, Markland AD. Urinary incontinence in women. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(3):ITC17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32016335/

3506

Kilpatrick KA, Paton P, Subbarayan S, et al. Non-pharmacological, non-surgical interventions for urinary incontinence in older persons: a systematic review of systematic reviews. The SENATOR project ONTOP series. Maturitas. 2020;133:42–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32005422/

3507

Dumoulin C, Cacciari LP, Hay-Smith EJC. Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;(10). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30288727/

3508

Faleiro DJA, Menezes EC, Capeletto E, Fank F, Porto RM, Mazo GZ. Association of physical activity with urinary incontinence in older women: a systematic review. J Aging Phys Act. 2019;27(4):906–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30859902/

3509

Huang AJ, Chesney M, Lisha N, et al. A group-based yoga program for urinary incontinence in ambulatory women: feasibility, tolerability, and change in incontinence frequency over 3 months in a single-center randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220(1):87.e1–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30595143/

3510

Wei JT, Calhoun E, Jacobsen SJ. Urologic Diseases in America Project: benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2008;179(5 Suppl):S75–80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18405761/

3511

Burnett AL, Wein AJ. Benign prostatic hyperplasia in primary care: what you need to know. J Urol. 2006;175(3 Pt 2):S19–24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16458735/

3512

Trumble BC, Stieglitz J, Rodriguez DE, Linares EC, Kaplan HS, Gurven MD. Challenging the inevitability of prostate enlargement: low levels of benign prostatic hyperplasia among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;70(10):1262–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25922348/

3513

Taub DA, Wei JT. The economics of benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms in the United States. Curr Urol Rep. 2006;7(4):272–81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930498/

3514

Zhang AY, Xu X. Prevalence, burden, and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men aged 50 and older: a systematic review of the literature. SAGE Open Nurs. 2018;4:2377960818811773. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33415211/