Dietary acid-base load and its association with risk of osteoporotic fractures and low estimated skeletal muscle mass. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(Suppl 1):33–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32873955/

3232

Macdonald R, Black A, Sandison R, Aucott L, et al. Two year double blind randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal women shows no gain in BMD with potassium citrate treatment. Paper presented at: 28th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Bone and Mineral Research; September 15–19 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18689384/

3233

Dawson-Hughes B. Acid-base balance of the diet-implications for bone and muscle. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(Suppl 1):7–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32873951/

3234

Jehle S, Hulter HN, Krapf R. Effect of potassium citrate on bone density, microarchitecture, and fracture risk in healthy older adults without osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(1):207–17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23162100/

3235

Fang Y, Zhu J, Fan J, et al. Dietary Inflammatory Index in relation to bone mineral density, osteoporosis risk and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(4):633–43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32740669/

3236

Mun H, Liu B, Pham THA, Wu Q. C-reactive protein and fracture risk: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies through the use of both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(3):425–35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32935169/

3237

Zhao F, Guo L, Wang X, Zhang Y. Correlation of oxidative stress-related biomarkers with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos. 2021;16(1):4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33400044/

3238

Brondani JE, Comim FV, Flores LM, Martini LA, Premaor MO. Fruit and vegetable intake and bones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):e0217223. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31150426/

3239

Zeng LF, Luo MH, Liang GH, et al. Can dietary intake of vitamin C – oriented foods reduce the risk of osteoporosis, fracture, and BMD loss? Systematic review with meta-analyses of recent studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:844. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32117042/

3240

Sun Y, Liu C, Bo Y, et al. Dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of hip fracture: a dose-response meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(1):79–87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29101410/

3241

Mühlbauer RC, Lozano A, Reinli A, Wetli H. Various selected vegetables, fruits, mushrooms and red wine residue inhibit bone resorption in rats. J Nutr. 2003;133(11):3592–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14608079/

3242

Hooshmand S, Kern M, Metti D, et al. The effect of two doses of dried plum on bone density and bone biomarkers in osteopenic postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27(7):2271–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26902092/

3243

Law YY, Chiu HF, Lee HH, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Consumption of onion juice modulates oxidative stress and attenuates the risk of bone disorders in middle-aged and post-menopausal healthy subjects. Food Funct. 2016;7(2):902–12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26686359/

3244

Mackinnon ES, Rao AV, Josse RG, Rao LG. Supplementation with the antioxidant lycopene significantly decreases oxidative stress parameters and the bone resorption marker N-telopeptide of type I collagen in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(4):1091–101. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20552330/

3245

Russo C, Ferro Y, Maurotti S, et al. Lycopene and bone: an in vitro investigation and a pilot prospective clinical study. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996227/

3246

Gunn CA, Weber JL, McGill AT, Kruger MC. Increased intake of selected vegetables, herbs and fruit may reduce bone turnover in post-menopausal women. Nutrients. 2015;7(4):2499–517. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25856221/

3247

Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Almasi-Hashiani A, et al. The effect of alcohol on osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;197:197–202. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844616/

3248

Godos J, Giampieri F, Chisari E, et al. Alcohol consumption, bone mineral density, and risk of osteoporotic fractures: a dose-response meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3):1515. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35162537/

3249

Lems WF, Raterman HG. Critical issues and current challenges in osteoporosis and fracture prevention. An overview of unmet needs. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2017;9(12):299–316. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29201155/

3250

Ahn H, Park YK. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2021;20(1):41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33952276/

3251

Fatahi S, Namazi N, Larijani B, Azadbakht L. The association of dietary and urinary sodium with bone mineral density and risk of osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Nutr. 2018;37(6):522–32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29617220/

3252

Mortensen SJ, Beeram I, Florance J, et al. Modifiable lifestyle factors associated with fragility hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Miner Metab. 2021;39(5):893–902. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33991260/

3253

Shen CL, Chyu MC, Yeh JK, et al. Effect of green tea and Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal osteopenic women: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23(5):1541–52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21766228/

3254

Shen CL, Wang P, Guerrieri J, Yeh JK, Wang JS. Protective effect of green tea polyphenols on bone loss in middle-aged female rats. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(7):979–90. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18084689/

3255

Dostal AM, Arikawa A, Espejo L, Kurzer MS. Long-term supplementation of green tea extract does not modify adiposity or bone mineral density in a randomized trial of overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2016;146(2):256–64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26701796/

3256

Platt ID, Josse AR, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, El-Sohemy A. Postprandial effects of almond consumption on human osteoclast precursors – an ex vivo study. Metabolism. 2011;60(7):923–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20947104/

3257

Fugh-Berman A, Pearson C. The overselling of hormone replacement therapy. Pharmacotherapy. 2002;22(9):1205–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12222561/

3258

Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321–33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12117397/

3259

Oseni T, Patel R, Pyle J, Jordan VC.