21

Zolberg, 207-14; John C. Caldwell, "Mass Education as a Determinant of the Timing of Fertility Decline," Population and Development Review 6, no. 2 (1980): 225-55; Jacobson, Barbarian Virtues, 90-94; Ron Lesthaeghe, "A Century of Demographic and Cultural Change in Western Europe: An Exploration of Underlying Dimensions," Population and Development Review 9, no. 3 (1983): 413-15; Newton, 146-47; Timothy J. Hatton and Jeffrey G. Williamson, "What Drove the Mass Migrations from Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century?". NBER Working Paper Series on Historical Factors in Long Run Growth, (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992).

22

Zolberg, 208-9.

23

Генри Кэбот Лодж, "Перепись населения и иммиграция", иллюстрированный журнал Century (сентябрь 1893 г.): 737-39; John A Garraty, Henry Cabot Lodge: A Biography (New York: Knopf, 1965), 37-39; Howard Bodenhorn et al., "Immigration: America's Nineteenth Century 'Law and Order Problem'?" NBER Working Paper Series (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2010), 2-42.

24

Eric H. Monkkonen, Police in Urban America, 1860-1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 76-78; Monkkonen, Crime, Justice, History (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2002), 90-93; Monkkonen, Murder in New York City (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), 149-50.

25

Майкл Х. Фриш, "Городские теоретики, городская реформа и американская политическая культура в прогрессивный период", Political Science Quarterly 97, № 2 (1982): 295-303; John W. Burgess, "The Ideal of the American Commonwealth," ibid., 10, no. 3 (1895), 404-25.

26

Furner, 307-9; Edward A. Ross, Social Control: A Survey of the Foundations of Order (New York: Macmillan, 1916, ориг. изд. 1901), 52, 55-56, 82-83.

27

Furner, 308-9; Теодор Рузвельт, "Национальные обязанности: Выступление на ярмарке штата Миннесота" (1901), в книге "Напряженная жизнь: Essays and Addresses by Theodore Roosevelt (New York: Century Company, 1905), доступно на http://www.theodore-roosevelt .com/images/research/txtspeeches/678.pdf; Ian R. Tyrrell, Reforming the World: The Creation of America's Moral Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010), 33; Jacobson, Whiteness of a Different Color, 81-82.

28

Jacobson, Barbarian Virtues, 64-65, 73-75; Philip J. Ethington, The Public City: The Political Construction of Urban Life in San Francisco, 1850-1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 345-52; Ross, 52.

29

Ethington, 349-54; Furner, 230-50; Edward A. Ross, "The Causes of Race Superiority," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 18 (1901): 67-89.

30

Архидьякон, 113-19.

31

Ричард Дж. Дженсен, Завоевание Среднего Запада: Social and Political Conflict, 18881896 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971), 259-61.

32

Hirota, 1092-94, 1099-1101, 1107-8; Zolberg, 189-98, 223-24; Vincent J. Cannato, American Passage: The History of Ellis Island (New York: Harper, 2009), 61-62; Archdeacon, 144-46; Erika Lee, At America's Gates: Chinese Immigration During the Exclusion Era, 1882-1943 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003),

41-46.

33

Каннато, 57-62; Хирота, 1106; Архидиакон, 145-46.

34

Higham, 101-5; Cannato, 95-105; Zolberg, 199-201, 206, 211-12; Jacobson, Barbarian Virtues, 7, 200.

35

Zolberg, 217-18, 222; Cannato, 109-17; Higham, 70-72.

36

Higham, 70-72; Zolberg, 216-23.

37

Ричард Л. Маккормик, От перестройки к реформе: Political Change in New York State, 1893-1910 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981), 52-54; Alexander Keyssar, The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States (New York: Basic Books, 2000), 136-46; Steven P. Erie, Rainbow's End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840-1985 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), 51-53.

38

Филлис Диллон и Эндрю Годли, "Эволюция еврейской швейной промышленности", в книге "Избранный капитал: The Jewish Encounter with American Capitalism, ed. Rebecca Kobrin and Jonathan Sarna (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2012), 42-50; Susie Pak, Gentlemen Bankers: The World of J. P. Morgan (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 2013), 4-11, 48-49, 80-83, 91.

39

Хасия Р. Динер, Новая обетованная земля: A History of Jews in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 43-44; Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 1113-15; Irving Howe, World of Our Fathers (New York: New York University Press, 2005, orig. ed. 1976), 230.

40

Diner, 46-47; Jonathan D. Sarna, American Judaism: A History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004), 99-100, 144-59.

41

Diner, 46-47; Ellen Eisenberg, Ava Kahn, and William Toll, Jews of the Pacific Coast: Reinventing Community on America's Edge (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2009), 76; Rischin, 145-48.

42

Закусочная, 41-42.

43

Riis, 77; Burrows and Wallace, 1114. Одно происходит от идишского слова "кикель", обозначающего круг, который многие неграмотные евреи использовали для того, чтобы делать свои пометки или документы; другое - от фамилий восточноевропейских евреев, которые часто заканчивались на "кик". Leo Rosten, The Joys of Yiddish (New York: McGraw Hill, 1968), 180; Rischin, The Promised City, 96-98.

44

Diner, 52-53; Rischin, The Promised City, 103-8; Sarna, 157, 256; John E. Bodnar, The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), 124; Eisenberg et al., 76; Moses Rischin, "The Jewish Experience in America," in Jews of the American West, ed. Moses Rischin and John Livingston (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991), 26-47.

45

Riis, 77; Rischin, The Promised City, 55-68, 96-98, 159-68.

46

Rischin, The Promised City, 222-28.

47

Архидьякон, 153-55.

48

Джон Т. Макгриви, Католицизм и американская свобода: A History (New York: Norton, 2003), 128.

49

Макгриви, 127-30.

50

Архидьякон, 153-55.

51

Джеймс Дж. Коннолли, Неуловимое единство: Urban Democracy and Machine Politics in Industrializing America (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010), 64-69.

52

Там же, 65; Jon C. Teaford, The Unheralded Triumph: City Government in America, 1870-1900 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984), 24-40, 174-87.

53

Эри, 2-4, 12, 29-30, 58-61; Тифорд, 25-32, 155.

54

Уильям Мартин Армстронг, Э. Л. Годкин: A Biography (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1978), 193-95; Tammany Biographies (New York: New York Evening Post, 1894), 3-4; Connolly, 83-85.

55

Burrows and Wallace, 1167-69. Полный рассказ о скандале см. в книге Daniel J. Czitrom, New York Exposed: How a Gilded Age Police Scandal Shocked the Nation and Launched the Progressive Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).

56

Маккормик, 46-50.

57

Благодарим Дэниела Читрома за помощь в работе. Кэтлин Далтон, "Теодор Рузвельт: A Strenuous Life" (New York: Knopf, 2002), 149-61; Lubove, 64; McCormick, 95.

58

Биографии Таммани, 15-16.

59

Уильям Л. Риордон, Планкитт из Таммани-Холла (Нью-Йорк: МакКлюр, Филлипс, 1905), 7-10.

60

Риордан, iii-vi, 3-11, 154, 170.

61

Там же, 8-9.

62

McCormick, 69-72, 78, 89-94, 198-203; Richard McCormick, "Prelude to Pro-gressivism: The Transformation of New York State Politics, 1890-1910," New York History 59, no. 3 (1978): 253-76.

63

Connolly, 157-58; аргументы в пользу системы социальной защиты см. в Terry Golway, Machine Made: Tammany Hall and the Creation of Modern