Find an anti-aging product or service. World Health Network. https://web.archive.org/web/20020402011937/http://www.worldhealth.net/cgi-local/DB_Search/db_search.cgi?setup_file=whn_productsa.setup.cgi. Accessed January 31, 2023.; https://web.archive.org/web/20020402011937/http://www.worldhealth.net/cgi-local/DB_Search/db_search.cgi?setup_file=whn_productsa.setup.cgi

25

Zs-Nagy I. Is consensus in anti-aging medical intervention an elusive expectation or a realistic goal? Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;48(3):271–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19269702/

26

Binstock RH. The war on “anti-aging medicine.” Gerontologist. 2003;43(1):4–14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12604740/

27

The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine’s official position statement on the truth about human aging intervention. American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine. https://mail.anme.com.mx/modulacion/extra/official_position_statement.pdf. Published June 2002. Accessed September 26, 2022.; https://mail.anme.com.mx/modulacion/extra/official_position_statement.pdf

28

Walker RF. On the evolution of anti-aging medicine. Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(3):201–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18046871/

29

Rattan SIS. Anti-ageing strategies: prevention or therapy? EMBO Rep. 2005;6(Suppl 1):S25–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15995657/

30

Rae MJ. All hype, no hope? Excessive pessimism in the “anti-aging medicine” special sections. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(2):139–40. https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/60/2/139/563273

31

Mehra MR, Desai SS, Kuy S, Henry TD, Patel AN. Retraction: cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in COVID-19. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2007621. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(26):2582. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32501665/

32

Mehra MR, Ruschitzka F, Patel AN. Retraction – Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis. Lancet. 2020;395(10240):1820. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32450107/

33

Miller RA. Extending life: scientific prospects and political obstacles. Milbank Q. 2002;80(1):155–74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11933792/

34

Berzlanovich AM, Keil W, Waldhoer T, Sim E, Fasching P, Fazeny-DBerzl B. Do centenarians die healthy? An autopsy study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(7):862–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16079208/

35

Gessert CE, Elliott BA, Haller IV. Dying of old age: an examination of death certificates of Minnesota centenarians. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(9):1561–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12383155/

36

Wilson DM, Cohen J, Birch S, et al. “No one dies of old age”: implications for research, practice, and policy. J Palliat Care. 2011;27(2):148–56. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/082585971102700211

37

Berzlanovich AM, Missliwetz J, Sim E, et al. Unexpected out-of-hospital deaths in persons aged 85 years or older: an autopsy study of 1886 patients. Am J Med. 2003;114(5):365–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714125/

38

John SM, Koelmeyer TD. The forensic pathology of nonagenarians and centenarians: do they die of old age? (The Auckland experience). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2001;22(2):150–4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11394748/

39

Blagosklonny MV. Answering the ultimate question “what is the proximal cause of aging?” Aging (Albany NY). 2012;4(12):861–77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23425777/

40

Murray CJL, Barber RM, Foreman KJ, et al. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition. Lancet. 2015;386(10009):2145–91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26321261/

41

Writing Group Members, Roger VL, Go AS, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125(1): e2-e220. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22179539/

42

Murphy SL, Kochanek KD, Xu J, Arias E. Mortality in the United States, 2020. NCHS Data Brief. 2021;(427):1–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34978528/

43

Murray CJL, Barber RM, Foreman KJ, et al. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition. Lancet. 2015;386(10009):2145–91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26321261/

44

Foreman KJ, Marquez N, Dolgert A, et al. Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016–40 for 195 countries and territories. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):2052–90. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30340847/

45

Kaeberlein M. The biology of aging: citizen scientists and their pets as a bridge between research on model organisms and human subjects. Vet Pathol. 2016;53(2):291–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26077786/

46

Zainabadi K. A brief history of modern aging research. Exp Gerontol. 2018;104:35–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29355705/

47

Milman S, Barzilai N. Dissecting the mechanisms underlying unusually successful human health span and life span. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015;6(1):a025098. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26637439/

48

Iyen B, Qureshi N, Weng S, et al. Sex differences in cardiovascular morbidity associated with familial hypercholesterolaemia: a retrospective cohort study of the UK Simon Broome register linked to national hospital records. Atherosclerosis. 2020;315:131–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33187671/

49

Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2022 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145(8):e153–639. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35078371/

50

Jortveit J, Pripp AH, Langørgen J, Halvorsen S. Incidence, risk factors and outcome of young patients with myocardial infarction. Heart. 2020;106(18):1420–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32111640/

51

Giem P, Beeson WL, Fraser GE. The incidence of dementia and intake of animal products: preliminary findings from the Adventist Health Study. Neuroepidemiology. 1993;12(1):28–36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8327020/

52

Wahl D, Cogger VC, Solon-Biet SM, et al. Nutritional strategies to optimise cognitive function in the aging brain. Ageing Res Rev. 2016;31:80–92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27355990/

53

Olshansky SJ, Carnes BA, Cassel C. In search of Methuselah: estimating the upper limits to human longevity. Science. 1990;250(4981):634–40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2237414/

54

Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Lushchak O, Castillo MJ. Repurposing drugs to fight aging: the difficult path from bench to bedside. Med Res Rev. 2021;41(3):1676–700. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33314257/

55

Olshansky SJ, Perry D, Miller RA, Butler RN. In pursuit of the longevity dividend. Scientist (Philadelphia, Pa). 2006;20(3):28–36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17986572/

56

Blagosklonny MV. Disease or not, aging is easily treatable. Aging (Albany NY). 2018;10(11):3067–78. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448823/

57