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610
Bianculli, “Temple Grandin: The Woman Who Talks to Animals.”
611
Temple Grandin, “Behavioral Principles of Livestock Handling,” Applied Animal Science 5, no. 2 (December 1989): 1–11, https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)32304-4. Foer, Eating Animals, 158.
612
Temple Grandin, “Avoid Being Abstract When Making Policies on the Welfare of Animals,” in Species Matters: Humane Advocacy and Cultural Theory, edited by Marianne DeKoven and Michael Lundblad (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), 195–217.
613
Foer, Eating Animals, 230, 256.
614
Johnson, “Temple Grandin digs in on the practical side of what animals want.”
615
Foer, Eating Animals, 213.
616
Foer, Eating Animals, 213.
617
Temple Grandin and Catherine Johnson, Animals Make Us Human: Creating the Best Life for Animals (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt, 2009), 297.
618
Tom Levitt, “Jonathan Safran Foer: If You Care About Climate Change, Cut Out Meat,” Huffington Post, October 3, 2019, https://www.huffpost.com.
619
Foer, Eating Animals, 189–96.
620
Gary Taubes in discussion with the author, November 1, 2019.
621
Foer, Eating Animals, 211.
622
Foer, Eating Animals, 192.
623
Foer, Eating Animals, 189-190.
624
Michael Pollan, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2007), 361–362.
625
Foer, Eating Animals, 97.
626
Robert DuBroff and Michel de Lorgeril, “Fat or fiction: The diet-heart hypothesis,” British Medical Journal: Evidence-Based Medicine, May 29, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-111180.
627
Mi Ah Han, Dena Zeraatkar, Gordon H. Guyatt et al., “Reduction of Red and Processed Meat Intake and Cancer Mortality and Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies,” Annals of Internal Medicine 171, no. 10 (October 2019): 711–20, https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-0699. Dena Zeraatkar, Mi Ah Han, Gordon H. Guyatt et al., “Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for All-Cause Mortality and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies,” Annals of Internal Medicine 171, no. 10 (October 2019): 703–10, https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-0655.
628
Aaron E. Carroll, “The Real Problem with Beef,” New York Times, October 1, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com.
629
Smil, Should We Eat Meat? Evolution and Consequences of Modern Carnivory, 147. The difference is significant: “conversion of metabolizable energy to protein in pork peaks at about 45 percent, while the conversion of feed energy to fat can have efficiencies in excess of 70 percent.”
630
Ibid., 132; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Steroid Hormone Implants Used for Growth in Food-Producing Animals,” FDA, July 23, 2019, https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/product-safety-information/steroid-hormone-implants-used-growth-food-producing-animals.
631
David S. Wilkie et al., “The Empty Forest Revisited,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1223, no. 1 (2011): 120–128, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05908.x.
632
John E. Fa, Carlos A. Peres, and Jessica J. Meeuwig, “Bushmeat Exploitation in Tropical Forests: An Intercontinental Comparison,” Conservation Biology 16 (2002): 232–237, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00275.x.
633
World Health Organization, “Availability and changes in consumption of meat products,” accessed January 23, 2020, https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/3_foodconsumption/en/index4.html.
634
John E. Fa, Carlos A. Peres, and Jessica J. Meeuwig, “Bushmeat Exploitation in Tropical Forests: An Intercontinental Comparison,” Conservation Biology 16, no. 1 (January 2002): 232–37, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00275.x.
635
Annette Lanjouw in discussion with the author, November 21, 2014.
636
The world average yield for chicken is 14 m2/kg, for pork 17 m2/kg, and for beef 43 m2/kg. Fa, et al., “Bushmeat Exploitation in Tropical Forests”; 5 million tons of bushmeat extracted in the Congo and Amazon basins: Emiel V. Elferink and Sanderine Nonhebel, “Variations in Land Requirements for Meat Production,” Journal of Cleaner Production 15, no. 18 (2007): 1778–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.04.003.
637
Ricardo Grau, Nestor Gasparri, and T. Mitchell Aide, “Balancing Food Production and Nature Conservation in the Subtropical Dry Forests of NW Argentina,” Global Change Biology 14, no. 5 (2008): 985–97, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01554.x.
638
Foer, Eating Animals, 263.
639
Ibid., 197.
640
Matthew B. Ruby, “Vegetarianism. A blossoming field of study,” 142.
641
Foer, Eating Animals, 9.
642
Ibid., 198.
643
Ingrid Newkirk, “Temple Grandin: Helping the Animals We Can’t Save,” PETA, February 10, 2010, accessed October 12, 2019, https://www.peta.org /blog/temple-grandin-helping-animals-cant-save.
644
Atsushi Komori, “Think Tank Puts Cost to Address Nuke Disaster up to 81 Trillion Yen,” Asahi Shimbun, March 10, 2019, http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201903100044.html.
645
David Keohane and Nathalie Thomas, “EDF Increases Hinkley Point C Nuclear Plant Costs,” Financial Times, September 25, 2019, http://www.ft.com.
646
Darrell Proctor, “Georgia PSC Backs Additional Costs for Vogtle Nuclear Project,” Power Magazine, February 19, 2019, https://www.powermag.com/georgia-psc-backs-additional-costs-for-vogtle-nuclear-project.
647
“Olkiluoto 3 Reactor Delayed Yet Again, Now 12 Years Behind Schedule,” Uutiset, December 23, 2019, https://yle.fi; Jussi Rosendahl and Tuomas Forsell, “Areva’s Finland Reactor to Start in 2019 After Another Delay,” Reuters, October 9, 2017, https://www.reuters.com.
648
Ran Fu, David Feldman, and Robert Margolis, “US Solar Photovoltaic System Cost Benchmark: Q1 2018,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, September 2018, https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/72399.pdf. Ryan Wiser and Mark