74

«7 healthcare robots for the smart hospital of the future,» Nanalyze, April 6, 2020, www.nanalyze.com/2020/04/healthcare-robots-smart-hospital/.

75

Daphne Sashin, «Robots join workforce at the new Stanford Hospital,» Stanford Medicine News, November 4, 2019, med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2019/11/robots-join-the-workforce-at-the-new-stanford-hospital-.html.

76

Diego Ardila, Atilla P. Kiraly, Sujeeth Bharadwaj et al., «End-to-end lung cancer screening with three-dimensional deep learning on low-dose chest computed tomography,» Nature Medicine, volume 25, pp. 954–961 (2019), May 20, 2019, www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0447-x.

77

Karen Hao, «Doctors are using AI to triage COVID-19 patients. The tools may be here to stay,» MIT Technology Review, April 23, 2020, www.technologyreview.com/2020/04/23/1000410/ai-triage-covid-19-patients-health-care.

78

Creative Distribution Lab, «Geoffrey Hinton: On radiology (video),» YouTube, November 24, 2016, http://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=2HMPRXstSvQ. (Фрагмент конференции 2016 года «Машинное обучение и рынок интеллекта».)

79

Alex Bratt, «Why radiologists have nothing to fear from deep learning,» Journal of the American College of Radiology, volume 16, issue 9, Part A, pp. 1190–1192 (September 2019), April 18, 2019, www.jacr.org/article/S1546-1440(19)30198-X/fulltext.

80

Ray Sipherd, «The third-leading cause of death in US most doctors don’t want you to know about,» CNBC, February 22, 2018, www.cnbc.com/2018/02/22/medical-errors-third-leading-cause-of-death-in-america.html.

81

Elise Reuter, «Study shows reduction in medication errors using health IT startup’s software,» MedCity News, December 24, 2019, medcitynews.com/2019/12/study-shows-reduction-in-medication-errors-using-health-it-startups-software/.

82

Adam Vaughan, «Google is taking over DeepMind’s NHS contracts — should we be worried?» New Scientist, September 27, 2019, www.newscientist.com/article/2217939-google-is-taking-over-deepminds-nhs-contracts-should-we-be-worried/.

83

Clive Thompson, «May A. I. help you?» New York Times, November 14, 2018, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/11/14/magazine/tech-design-ai-chatbot.html.

84

Blair Hanley Frank, «Woebot raises $8 million for its AI therapist,» VentureBeat, March 1, 2018, venturebeat.com/2018/03/01/woebot-raises-8-million-for-its-ai-therapist/.

85

Суперкомпьютер IBM с системой на основе искусственного интеллекта, ориентированной на понимание вопросов на естественном языке. Назван в честь первого президента IBM Томаса Уотсона. — Прим. пер.

86

В России эта телеигра получила название «Своя игра». — Прим. ред.

87

Ariana Eunjung Cha, «Watson’s next feat? Taking on cancer,» Washington Post, June 27, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/sf/national/2015/06/27/watsons-next-feat-taking-on-cancer/.

88

Mary Chris Jaklevic, «MD Anderson Cancer Center’s IBM Watson project fails, and so did the journalism related to it,» Health News Review, February 23, 2017, www.healthnewsreview.org/2017/02/md-anderson-cancer-centers-ibm-watson-project-fails-journalism-related/.

89

Соревнования роботизированных автомобилей, проводящиеся с целью создания беспилотных транспортных средств. — Прим. пер.

90

Mark Anderson, «Surprise! 2020 is not the year for self-driving cars,» IEEE Spectrum, April 22, 2020, spectrum.ieee.org/transportation/self-driving/surprise-2020-is-not-the-year-for-selfdriving-cars.

91

Alex Knapp, «Aurora CEO Chris Urmson says there’ll be hundreds of self-driving cars on the road in five years,» Forbes, October 29, 2019, www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2019/10/29/aurora-ceo-chris-urmson-says-therell-be-hundreds-of-self-driving-cars-on-the-road-in-five-years/.

92

Lex Fridman, «Chris Urmson: Self-driving cars at Aurora, Google, CMU, and DARPA,» Artificial Intelligence Podcast, episode 28, July 22, 2019, lexfridman.com/chris-urmson/. (Есть видео и аудиоподкаст.)

93

Stefan Seltz-Axmacher, «The end of Starsky Robotics,» Starsky Robotics 10-4 Labs Blog, March 19, 2020, medium.com/starsky-robotics-blog/the-end-of-starsky-robotics-acb8a6a8a5f5.

94

Sam Dean, «Uber fares are cheap, thanks to venture capital. But is that free ride ending?» Los Angeles Times, May 11, 2019, www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-uber-ipo-lyft-fare-increase-20190511-story.html.

95

Darrell Etherington, «Waymo has now driven 10 billion autonomous miles in simulation,» TechCrunch, July 10, 2019, techcrunch.com/2019/07/10/waymo-has-now-driven-10-billion-autonomous-miles-in-simulation/.

96

Waymo website, accessed May 20, 2020, waymo.com/.

97

Ray Kurzweil, «The Law of Accelerating Returns,» Kurzweil Library Blog, March 7, 2001, www.kurzweilai.net/the-law-of-accelerating-returns.

98

Имеется в виду максимальный размер твитов, в который мы должны уместить свою мысль. — Прим. пер.

99

Tyler Cowen, The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better, Dutton, 2011.

100

Robert J. Gordon, The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U. S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War, Princeton University Press, 2016.

101

Nicholas Bloom, Charles I. Jones, John Van Reenen and Michael Webb, «Are ideas getting harder to find?» American Economic Review, volume 110, issue 4, pp. 1104–1144 (April 2020), www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20180338, p. 1138.

102

Там же, с. 1104.

103

Там же, с. 1104.

104

Sam Lemonick, «Exploring chemical space: Can AI take us where no human has gone before?» Chemical and Engineering News, April 6, 2020, cen.acs.org/physical-chemistry/computational-chemistry/Exploring-chemical-space-AI-take/98/i13.

105

Там же.

106

Delft University of Technology, «Researchers design new material using artificial intelligence,» Phys.org, October 14, 2019, phys.org/news/2019-10-material-artificial-intelligence.html.

107

Beatrice Jin, «How AI helps to advance new materials discovery,» Cornell Research, accessed May 22, 2020, research.cornell.edu/research/how-ai-helps-advance-new-materials-discovery.

108

Savanna Hoover, «Artificial intelligence meets materials science,» Texas A&M University Engineering News, December 17, 2018, engineering.tamu.edu/news/2018/12/artificial-intelligence-meets-materials-science.html.

109

Kyle Wiggers, «Kebotix raises $11.5 million to automate lab experiments with AI and robotics,» VentureBeat, April 16, 2020, venturebeat.com/2020/04/16/kebotix-raises-11-5-million-to-automate-lab-experiments-with-ai-and-robotics/.

110

Simon Smith, «230 startups using artificial intelligence in drug discovery,» BenchSci Blog, updated April 8, 2020, blog.benchsci.com/startups-using-artificial-intelligence-in-drug-discovery.

111

Ford, Interview with Daphne Koller, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 388.

112

Ned Pagliarulo, «AI’s impact in drug discovery is coming fast, predicts GSK’s Hal Barron,» BioPharma Dive, November 21,