Rowman & Littlefield, 2015), xi–xii, 76–8 и Marilyn Ogilvie and Joy Harvey, 'Sofia Pereiaslavtseva', в The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives from Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century, eds. Marilyn Ogilvie and Joy Harvey (London: Routledge, 2000).

334

Creese, Ladies in the Laboratory IV, 76–8.

335

Там же.

336

Todes, Darwin Without Malthus, 123–134 и Jerry Bergman, The Darwin Effect: Its Influence on Nazism, Eugenics, Racism, Communism, Capitalism, and Sexism (Master Books: Green Forest, 2014), 288–289.

337

Todes, Darwin Without Malthus, 45–47.

338

Там же, 51–59.

339

Там же.

340

Vucinich, Darwin in Russian Thought, 87.

341

Godart, Darwin, Dharma, and the Divine, 2–3, 26–30, Masao Watanabe, The Japanese and Western Science (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990), 41–67, Kuang-chi Hung, 'Alien Science, Indigenous Thought and Foreign Religion: Reconsidering the Reception of Darwinism in Japan', Intellectual History Review 19 (2009) и Ian Miller, The Nature of the Beasts: Empire and Exhibition at the Tokyo Imperial Zoo (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013), 51.

342

Miller, The Nature of the Beasts, 51–52.

343

Miller, The Nature of the Beasts, 49–50, Taku Komai, 'Genetics of Japan, Past and Present', Science 123 (1956): 823 и James Bartholomew, The Formation of Science in Japan: Building a Research Tradition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), 59.

344

Bartholomew, The Formation of Science in Japan, 49–100 и Watanabe, The Japanese and Western Science, 41–67.

345

Hung, 'Alien Science', 231, Godart, Darwin, Dharma, and the Divine, 28, Watanabe, The Japanese and Western Science, 39–50, Eikoh Shimao, 'Darwinism in Japan, 1877–1927', Annals of Science 38 (1981): 93 и Isono Naohide, 'Contributions of Edward S. Morse to Developing Young Japan', в Foreign Employees in Nineteenth-Century Japan, eds. Edward Beauchamp and Akira Iriye (Boulder: Westview, 1990).

346

Komai, 'Genetics of Japan', 823, Bartholomew, The Formation of Science in Japan, 68–70 и Frederick Churchill, August Weismann: Development, Heredity, and Evolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 354–356.

347

Churchill, August Weismann, 354–356, 644–645 и Komai, 'Genetics of Japan', 823.

348

Watanabe, The Japanese and Western Science, 71–73.

349

Godart, Darwin, Dharma, and the Divine, 2–21.

350

Godart, Darwin, Dharma, and the Divine, 103–112, Watanabe, The Japanese and Western Science, 84–95, Shimao, 'Darwinism in Japan', 95, Gregory Sullivan, 'Tricks of Transference: Oka Asajirō (1868–1944) on Laissez-Faire Capitalism', Science in Context 23 (2010): 370–385 и Gregory Sullivan, Regenerating Japan: Organicism, Modernism and National Destiny in Oka Asajirō's Evolution and Human Life (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2018), 1–3.

351

Godart, Darwin, Dharma, and the Divine, 103–112, Watanabe, The Japanese and Western Science, 84–95 и Sullivan, 'Tricks of Transference', 373–385.

352

Godart, Darwin, Dharma, and the Divine, 103, Watanabe, The Japanese and Western Science, 84–95, Sullivan, 'Tricks of Transference', 370–385 и Ernest Lee and Stefanos Kales, 'Chemical Weapons', в War and Public Health, eds. Barry Levy and Victor Sidel (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 128.

353

Bartholomew, The Formation of Science in Japan, 69–70, and Watanabe, The Japanese and Western Science, 95.

354

Xiaoxing Jin, 'The Evolution of Evolutionism in China, 1870–1930', Isis 111 (2020): 50–51.

355

Jin, 'The Evolution of Evolutionism in China', 50–52, Xiaoxing Jin, 'Translation and Transmutation: The Origin of Species in China', The British Journal for the History of Science 52 (2019): 122–123 и Yang Haiyan, 'Knowledge Across Borders: The Early Communication of Evolution in China', в The Circulation of Knowledge between Britain, India, and China, eds. Bernard Lightman, Gordon McOuat, and Larry Stewart (Leiden: Brill, 2013).

356

Jin, 'The Evolution of Evolutionism in China', 48–50 и James Pusey, China and Charles Darwin (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), 16, 58–60.

357

Jin, 'The Evolution of Evolutionism in China', 50–52, Yang Haiyan, 'Encountering Darwin and Creating Darwinism in China', в The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Darwin and Evolutionary Thought, ed. Michael Ruse (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 253, Frank Dikötter, The Discourse of Race in Modern China (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 140 и Ke Zunke and Li Bin, 'Spencer and Science Education in China', в Lightman, ed., Global Spencerism.

358

Pusey, China and Charles Darwin, 92–117 и 317–318.

359

Pusey, China and Charles Darwin, 58–59, Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China: The History of Scientific Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956), vol. 2, 74–81 и 317–318 и Joseph Needham and Donald Leslie, 'Ancient and Mediaeval Chinese Thought on Evolution', в Theories and Philosophies of Medicine (New Delhi: Institute of History of Medicine and Medical Research, 1973).

360

Jixing Pan, 'Charles Darwin's Chinese Sources', Isis 75 (1984).

361

Benjamin Elman, A Cultural History of Modern Science in China (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 198–220, Peter Lavelle, 'Agricultural Improvement at China's First Agricultural Experiment Stations', в New Perspectives on the History of Life Sciences and Agriculture, eds. Denise Phillips and Sharon Kingsland (Cham: Springer International, 2015), 323–341 и Joseph Lawson, 'The Chinese State and Agriculture in an Age of Global Empires, 1880–1949', в Eco-Cultural Networks and the British Empire: New Views on Environmental History, eds. James Beattie, Edward Melillo, and Emily O'Gorman (London: Bloomsbury, 2015).

362

Elman, A Cultural History of Modern Science in China, 198 и 220.

363

Jin, 'Translation and Transmutation', 125–140 и Yang, 'Encountering Darwin and Creating Darwinism in China', 254–255.

364

Там же.

365

Jin, 'Translation and Transmutation', 125–140, Jin, 'The Evolution of Evolutionism in China', 52–54, Yang, 'Encountering Darwin and Creating Darwinism in China', 254–255, Pusey, China and Charles Darwin, 318 и Zhou Rong, The Revolutionary Army: A Chinese Nationalist Tract of 1903, пер. John Lust (Paris: Mouton, 1968), 58.

366

Yang, 'Encountering Darwin and Creating Darwinism in China', 254–255.

367

Pusey, China and Charles Darwin, 321–322, и Dikötter, The Discourse of Race in Modern China, 140.

368

Secord, 'Global Darwin', 51, и Todes, Darwin Without Malthus, 11.

369

Richard Staley, Einstein's Generation: The Origins of the Relativity Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), 169–170, Paul Greenhalgh, Ephemeral Vistas: The Expositions Universelles, Great Exhibitions and World's Fairs, 1851–1939 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988) и 'Liste de membres du Congres international de physique', в Rapports présentés au Congres international de physique réuni а Paris en 1900, eds. Charles-Édouard Guillaume and Lucien Poincaré (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1901), 4:129–169.

370

Staley, Einstein's Generation, 138–163, Charles-Édouard Guillaume, 'The International Physical Congress', Nature 62 (1900) и Richard Mandell, Paris 1900: The Great World's Fair (Toronto: Toronto University Press, 1967), 62–88.

371

Staley, Einstein's Generation, 137 и Charles-Édouard Guillaume and Lucien Poincaré, 'Avertissement', в Guillaume and Poincaré, eds., Rapports présentés, 1:v.

372

Iwan Rhys Morus, When Physics Became King (Chicago: University