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243
Fisher Price, “Think & Learn Code-a-pillar,” https://www.fisher-price.com/en-us/product/think-learn-code-a-pillar-twist-gfp25; KinderLab Robotics, “Kibo,” http://kinderlabrobotics.com/kibo/; Nathan Olivares-Giles, “Toys That Teach the Basics of Coding,” Wall Street Journal, August 20, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/ toys-that-teach-the-basics-of-coding-1440093255.
244
Darling, “Extending Legal Protection to Social Robots.”
245
A. Michael Froomkin and P. Zak Colangelo, “Self-Defense against Robots and Drones,” Connecticut Law Review 48 (2015): 1-70.
246
Evgeny Morozov, То Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (New York: Public Affairs, 2013).
247
Sherry Turkle, “A Nascent Robotics Culture: New Complicities for Companionship,” in Annual Editions: Computers in Society 10/11, ed. Paul De Palma, 16th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010), chapter 37.
248
Margot Kaminski, “Robots in the Home: What Will We Have Agreed to?” Idaho Law Review 51 (2015): 661–678; Woodrow Hartzog, “Unfair and Deceptive Robots,” Maryland Law Review 74 (2015): 785–832; Joanna J. Bryson, “The Meaning of the EPSRC Principles of Robotics,” Connection Science 29, no. 2 (2017): 130–136.
249
Neda Atanasoski and Kalindi Vora, Surrogate Humanity: Race, Robots, and the Politics of Technological Futures (Chapel Hill: Duke University Press, 2019).
250
Kentaro Toyama, Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology (New York: Public Affairs, 2015).
251
Пол Принслу предложил подробный и глубокий анализ глобальных влияний разницы в силе на датафикацию образования. См.: Paul Prins100, “Data Frontiers and Frontiers of Power in (Higher) Education: A View of/from the Global South,” Teachingin Higher Education: Critical Perspectives 25, no. 4 (2019): 366–383.
252
Andrew Brooks, “The Hidden Trade in Our Second-Hand Clothes Given to Charity,” Guardian, February 13, 2015, https://www.theguard-ian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-fashion-blog/2015/feb/13/ second-hand-clothes-charity-donations-africa.
253
Shoshana Zuboff, “The Secrets of Surveillance Capitalism,” Frankfurter Allegemeine Zeitung, March 5, 2016, http://www.faz.net/aktuell/ feuilleton/debatten/the-digital-debate/shoshana-zuboff-secrets-of-surveillance-capitalism-14103616-p2.html.
254
Steven Rosenfeld, “Online Public Schools Are a Disaster, Admits Billionaire, Charter School-Promoter Walton Family Foundation,” AlterNet, February 6, 2016, http://www.alternet.org/educa-tion/online-public-schools-are-disaster-admits-billionaire-charter-school-promoter-walton; Credo Center for Research on Education Outcomes, Online Charter School Study 2015 (Stanford, CA: Center for Research on Education Outcomes, 2015), https://credo.stanford.edu/ pdfs/OnlineCharterStudyFinal2015.pdf.
255
Audrey Watters, “Top Ed-Tech Trends of 2016: The Business of Education Technology,” Hack Education (blog), December 5, 2016, http://2016trends.hackeducation.com/business.html; “Eschools Say They Will Appeal Audits Determining Inflated Attendance,” Columbus Dispatch, October 4, 2016, http://www.dispatch.com/news/20161003/ e schools-say-they-will-appeal-audits-de termining-infl ated-attendance/i; Benjamin Herold, “Problems with For-Profit Management of Pa. Cybers,” Education Week, November 3, 2016, http:// www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2016/11/o3/problems-with-for-profit-management-of-pa-cybers.html; Benjamin Herold, “A Virtual Mess: Inside Colorado’s Largest Online Charter School,” Education Week, November 3, 2016, http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2016/11/03/ a-virtual-mess-colorados-largest-cyber-charter.html; Erin McIntyre, “Dismal Performance by Idaho Virtual Charters Result in 20 % Grad Rate,” Education Dive, January 29, 2016, http://www.educationdive, com/news/dismal-performance-by-idaho-virtual-charters-result-in-20-grad-rate/4i2945/.
256
Watters, “Top Ed-Tech Trends of 2016”; “The 100 Worst Ed-Tech Debacles.”
257
Watters, “The Business of Education Technology.”
258
Donald Т. Campbell, “Assessing the Impact of Planned Social Change,” in Social Research and Public Policies, ed. Gene M. Lyons (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1975), 35; Brian Kernighan, “We’re Number One!” Daily Prince Ionian, October 25, 2010.
259
Watters, “The Business of Education Technology.”
260
Lilly Irani, “Justice for ‘Data Janitors,’ ” Public Books, January 15, 2015, http://www.publicbooks.org/nonfiction/justice-for-data-jani-tors; Trebor Scholz, Introduction to Digital Labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory (New York: Routledge, 2013), 1.
261
Phil McCausland, “A Rural School Turns to Digital Education.
Is It a Savior or Devil’s Bargain?” NBC News, May 28, 2018, https:// www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/rural-school-turns-digital-education-it-savior-or-devil-s-n877806.
262
Douglas Rushkoff, Program or be Programmed: Ten Commandsfor a Digital Age (New York: OR Books, 2010), 7–8.
263
Ibid., 9.
264
Ofcom, “Children and Parents: Media Uses and Attitudes Report: 2018,” January 29, 2019, 11, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/as-sets/pdf_file/oo24/i349O7/children-and-parents-media-use-and-attitudes-2018.pdf; Gwenn Schurgin O’Keeffe and Kathleen Clarke-Pearson, “The Impact of Social Media on Children,” Pediatrics 127, no. 4 (2011): 800, 802.
265
Сенатор Берни Сандерс предложил план, который бы позволил помочь колледжам на этапе этого цифрового перехода, перенаправив фонды со спорта на «деятельность, которая улучшает качество образования и академические результаты». См.: College for All Act of 2019, S.1947,116th Cong. (2019).
266
Todd E. Vachon and Josef (Kuo-Hsun) Ma, “Bargaining for Success: Examining the Relationship between Teacher Unions and Student Achievement,” Sociological Forum 30 (2015): 391, 397–399. Майкл Годси утверждает, что «есть существенная разница между местным экспертом-учителем, использующим интернет и все его ресурсы для дополнения и улучшения своих уроков, и учителем, который упрощает образовательные планы крупных организаций. Почему эта линия не получает четкого публичного выражения и почему она не становится предметом общего обсуждения?». См.: Michael Godsey, “The Deconstruction of the K-12 Teacher: When Kids Can Get Their Lessons from the Internet, What’s Left for Classroom Instructors to Do?” Atlantic, March 25, 2015, https://www.theatlantic.com/educati0n/archive/2015/03/ the-deconstruction-of-the-k-i2-teacher/38863i/.
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Дополнительное описание специальных комиссий, предложенных для решения проблем новых технологий, см.: Oren Bracha and Frank Pasquale, “Federal Search Commission? Access, Fairness, and Accountability in the Law of Search,” Cornell Law Review 93 (2008): 1149; Ryan Calo, “The Case for a Federal Robotics Commission,” Center for Technology Innovation at Brookings, September 15, 2014, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/o9/ R0b0ticsC0mmissi0nR2_Cal0.pdf. Недавняя работа, в которой поддерживаются те же идеи: Elizabeth Warren, “Unsafe at Any Rate,” Democracy Journal, Summer 2007, no. 5, https://democracy-j0urnal.0rg/magazine/5/unsafe-at-any-rate/.
268
Hartmut Rosa, Social Acceleration: A New Theory of Modernity (New
