Шрифт:
Закладка:
238
Пример: https://twitter.com/brendannyhan/status/859573499333136384.
239
Strudwick P.A., ‘Former MP Has Made A Heartfelt Apology For Voting Against Same-Sex Marriage’, BuzzFeed, 28 March 2017.
240
По некоторым данным, пример человека, который изменил свою точку зрения и объяснил, почему он это сделал, может быть более убедительным, чем просто одностороннее сообщение. Источник: Lyons B.A. et al., ‘Conversion messages and attitude change: Strong arguments, not costly signals’, Public Understanding of Science, 2019.
241
Feinberg M. and Willer R., ‘From Gulf to Bridge: When Do Moral Arguments Facilitate Political Influence?’, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2015.
242
Roghanizad M.M. and Bohns V.K., ‘Ask in person: You’re less persuasive than you think over email’, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2016.
243
How J.J. and De Leeuw E.D., ‘A comparison of nonresponse in mail, telephone, and face-to-face surveys’, Quality and Quantity, 1994; Gerber A.S. and Green D.P., ‘The Effects of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail on Voter Turnout: A Field Experiment’, American Political Science Review, 2000; Okdie B.M. et al., ‘Getting to know you: Face-to-face versus online interactions’, Computers in Human Behavior, 2011.
244
Swire B. et al., ‘The role of familiarity in correcting inaccurate information’, Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 2017.
245
Цитаты из интервью автора с Брайони Суайр-Томпсон, июль 2018 года.
246
Broockman D. and Kalla J., ‘Durably reducing transphobia: A field experiment on door-to-door canvassing’, Science, 2016.
247
Сведения и цитаты из интервью автора с Гэри Слаткином, апрель 2018 года.
248
Статистика: Bentle K. et al., ‘39,000 homicides: Retracing 60 years of murder in Chicago’, Chicago Tribune, 9 January 2018; Illinois State Fact Sheet. National Injury and Violence Prevention Resource Center, 2015.
249
Slutkin G., ‘Treatment of violence as an epidemic disease‘, In: Fine P. et al. John Snow’s legacy: epidemiology without borders. The Lancet, 2013.
250
Об исследовании холеры Джоном Сноу: Snow J., On the mode of communication of cholera (London, 1855); Tulodziecki D., ‘A case study in explanatory power: John Snow’s conclusions about the pathology and transmission of cholera’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 2011; Hempel S., ‘John Snow’, The Lancet, 2013; Brody H. et al., ‘Map-making and myth-making in Broad Street: the London cholera epidemic, 1854’, The Lancet, 2000.
251
Обоснования абстракции: Seuphor M., Piet Mondrian: Life and Work (Abrams, New York, 1956); Tate Modern, ‘Five ways to look at Malevich’s Black Square’, https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/kazimir-malevich-1561/five-ways-look-malevichs-black-square.
252
О холере: Locher W.G., ‘Max von Pettenkofer (1818–1901) as a Pioneer of Modern Hygiene and Preventive Medicine’, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 2007; Morabia A., ‘Epidemiologic Interactions, Complexity, and the Lonesome Death of Max von Pettenkofer,’ American Journal of Epidemiology, 2007.
253
García-Moreno C. et al., ‘WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women’, World Health Organization, 2005.
254
Цитаты из интервью автора с Шарлоттой Уоттс, май 2018 года.
255
Факторы, влияющие на заразность насилия: Patel D.M. et al., Contagion of Violence: Workshop Summary (National Academies Press, 2012).
256
Gould M.S. et al., ‘Suicide Clusters: A Critical Review’, Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 1989.
257
Cheng Q. et al., ‘Suicide Contagion: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Research Utility’, PLOS ONE, 2014.
258
Phillips D.P., ‘The Influence of Suggestion on Suicide: Substantive and Theoretical Implications of the Werther Effect’, American Sociological Review, 1974.
259
WHO. ‘Is responsible and deglamourized media reporting effective in reducing deaths from suicide, suicide attempts and acts of selfharm?’, 2015. https://www.who.int.
260
Fink D.S. et al., ‘Increase in suicides the months after the death of Robin Williams in the US’, PLOS ONE, 2018.
261
Towers S. et al., ‘Contagion in Mass Killings and School Shootings’, PLOS ONE, 2015.
262
Brent D.A. et al., ‘An Outbreak of Suicide and Suicidal Behavior in a High School’, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1989.
263
Aufrichtig A. et al., ‘Want to fix gun violence in America? Go local’, The Guardian, 9 January 2017.
264
Цитаты из интервью автора с Чарли Рэнсфордом, апрель 2018 года.
265
Confino J., ‘Guardian-supported Malawi sex workers’ project secures funding from Comic Relief ’, The Guardian, 9 June 2010.
266
Bremer S., ‘10 Shot, 2 Fatally, at Vigil on Chicago’s Southwest Side’, NBC Chicago, 7 May 2017.
267
Tracy M. et al., ‘The Transmission of Gun and Other Weapon-Involved Violence Within Social Networks’, Epidemiologic Reviews, 2016.
268
Green B. et al., ‘Modeling Contagion Through Social Networks to Explain and Predict Gunshot Violence in Chicago, 2006 to 2014’, JAMA Internal Medicine, 2017.
269
Сопоставив отрицательное биноминальное распределение вторичных событий с распределением размеров кластеров из Green et al., я получил оценку максимальной вероятности для дисперсионного параметра k = 0,096. (Метод из Blumberg S. and Lloyd-Smith J.O., PLOS Computational Biology, 2013.) Для сравнения: MERS-CoV имеет R = 0,63 и k = 0,25. (Из Kucharski A.J. and Althaus C.L., ‘The role of superspreading in Middle East
