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Darlenski R, Surber C, Fluhr JW. Topical retinoids in the management of photodamaged skin: from theory to evidence-based practical approach. Br J Dermatol. 2010;163(6):1157–65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20633013/
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Elmets CA. Long term topical tretinoin and excess mortality in older patients. NEJM Journal Watch. https://www.jwatch.org/jd200901300000001/2009/01/30/long-term-topical-tretinoin-and-excess-mortality. Published January 20, 2009. Accessed August 31, 2022.; https://www.jwatch.org/jd200901300000001/2009/01/30/long-term-topical-tretinoin-and-excess-mortality
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Imhof L, Leuthard D. Topical over-the-counter antiaging agents: an update and systematic review. Dermatology. 2021;237(2):217–29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32882685/
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Tran D, Townley JP, Barnes TM, Greive KA. An antiaging skin care system containing alpha hydroxy acids and vitamins improves the biomechanical parameters of facial skin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:9–17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25552908/
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Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. An insight into toxicity and human-health-related adverse consequences of cosmeceuticals – a review. Sci Total Environ. 2019;670:555–68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909033/
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Neill US. Skin care in the aging female: myths and truths. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(2):473–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22293186/
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Bissett DL, Miyamoto K, Sun P, Li J, Berge CA. Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2004;26(5):231–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18492135/
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Levin J, Del Rosso JQ, Momin SB. How much do we really know about our favorite cosmeceutical ingredients? J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2010;3(2):22–41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20725560/
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Imhof L, Leuthard D. Topical over-the-counter antiaging agents: an update and systematic review. Dermatology. 2021;237(2):217–29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32882685/
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Sivamani RK, Jagdeo JR, Elsner P, Maibach HI, eds. Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics. 3rd ed. CRC Press; 2016. https://worldcat.org/title/919719500
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Bissett DL, Miyamoto K, Sun P, Li J, Berge CA. Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2004;26(5):231–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18492135/
6331
Hunt KJ, Hung SK, Ernst E. Botanical extracts as anti-aging preparations for the skin: a systematic review. Drugs Aging. 2010;27(12):973–85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21087067/
6332
Bissett DL, Miyamoto K, Sun P, Li J, Berge CA. Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2004;26(5):231–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18492135/
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Bissett DL, Oblong JE, Berge CA. Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(7 Pt 2):860–5; discussion 865. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16029679/
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Bissett DL, Oblong JE, Berge CA. Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(7 Pt 2):860–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16029679/
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Zussman J, Ahdout J, Kim J. Vitamins and photoaging: do scientific data support their use? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63(3):507–25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20189681/
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Chiu P-C, Chan C–C, Lin H-M, Chiu H-C. The clinical anti-aging effects of topical kinetin and niacinamide in Asians: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face comparative trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2007;6(4):243–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18047609/
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Kawada A, Konishi N, Oiso N, Kawara S, Date A. Evaluation of anti-wrinkle effects of a novel cosmetic containing niacinamide. J Dermatol. 2008;35(10):637–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19017042/
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Burke KE, Clive J, Combs GF, Commisso J, Keen CL, Nakamura RM. Effects of topical and oral vitamin E on pigmentation and skin cancer induced by ultraviolet irradiation in Skh:2 hairless mice. Nutr Cancer. 2000;38(1):87–97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11341050/
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Sunder S. Relevant topical skin care products for prevention and treatment of aging skin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019;27(3):413–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31280856/
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Imhof L, Leuthard D. Topical over-the-counter antiaging agents: an update and systematic review. Dermatology. 2021;237(2):217–29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32882685/
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Inui M, Ooe M, Fujii K, Matsunaka H, Yoshida M, Ichihashi M. Mechanisms of inhibitory effects of CoQ10 on UVB-induced wrinkle formation in vitro and in vivo. Biofactors. 2008;32(1–4):237–43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19096121/
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Elsner P, Fluhr JW, Gehring W, et al. Anti-aging data and support claims – consensus statement. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2011;9 Suppl 3:S1–32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22023288/
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Nusgens BV, Humbert P, Rougier A, et al. Topically applied vitamin C enhances the mRNA level of collagens I and III, their processing enzymes and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 in the human dermis. J Invest Dermatol. 2001;116(6):853–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11407971/
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Traikovich SS. Use of topical ascorbic acid and its effects on photodamaged skin topography. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125(10):1091–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10522500/
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Sivamani RK, Jagdeo JR, Elsner P, Maibach HI, eds. Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics. 3rd ed. CRC Press; 2016. https://worldcat.org/title/919719500
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Traikovich SS. Use of topical ascorbic acid and its effects on photodamaged skin topography. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125(10):1091–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10522500/
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Raschke T, Koop U, Düsing HJ, et al. Topical activity of ascorbic acid: from in vitro optimization to in vivo efficacy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2004;17(4):200–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15258452/
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Humbert PG, Haftek M, Creidi P, et al. Topical ascorbic acid on photoaged skin. Clinical, topographical and ultrastructural evaluation: double-blind study vs. placebo. Exp Dermatol. 2003;12(3):237–44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12823436/
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High potency serum. Cellex-C. https://www.cellexcusa.com/products/high-potency-serum. Accessed September 7, 2022.; https://www.cellexcusa.com/products/high-potency-serum
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Sunder S. Relevant topical skin care products for prevention and treatment of aging skin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019;27(3):413–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31280856/
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Huang CK, Miller TA. The truth about over-the-counter topical anti-aging products: a comprehensive review. Aesthet Surg J. 2007;27(4):402–12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19341668/
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Alpha hydroxy acids. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/alpha-hydroxy-acids#q6. Updated February 25, 2022. Accessed