103. Voltaire, XVIb, 238; Martin, H., XV, 282; Stryienski, 148.

104. Voltaire, XVIb, 239.

105. Stryienski, 149.

106. Martin, H., XV, 43 m.

107. Lichtenberger in Martin, K., Rise of French Liberal Thought, 238.

108. Martin, H., XV, 356–58.

109. Lecky, England, V, 327.

110. Goncourts, Pompadour, 12.

111. Michelet, V, 349.

112. Ercole, 197.

113. Goncourts, 117.

114. Ercole, 203.

115. Lewis, Four Favorites, 48.

116. Taine, Ancient Regime, 82.

117. Goncourts, 71.

118. Ibid., 348.

119. Sainte-Beuve, I, 450.

120. Ibid., 451.

121. Michelet, V, 354.

122. Martin, H., XV, 436.

123. Goncourts, 131.

124. Lewis, 50.

125. Ercole, 209.

126. Toth, 165.

127. Goncourts, 127.

128. Du Hausset, Mme., Memoirs of Mme. de Pompadour, 65.

129. Ercole, 220.

130. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th Century, 249.

CHAPTER VIII

1. Sée, Economic and Social Conditions, 48 f.

2. Funck-Brentano, L’Ancien Régime, 422.

3. La Fontainerie, French Liberalism and Education, 6.

4. Lacroix, 252.

5. Ibid., 151.

6. 242.

7. 244.

8. Desnoiresterres, III, 133.

9. Créqui, Souvenirs, 57, 121.

10. Ducros, French Society, 83.

11. Chesterfield, Letters, I, 348.

12. Brandes, I, 147.

13. Ibid., 141.

14. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th Century, 187.

15. Ibid., 188.

16. Mornet, Origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française, 53.

17. Funck-Brentano, 50.

18. Ducros, 61.

19. Quoted in Funck-Brentano, 60.

20. Taine, Ancient Regime, 134.

21. Walpole, Letters, I, 309 (Oct. 28, 1752).

22. Toth, 135.

23. Frederick the Great, Mémoires, I, 25.

24. D’Argenson, Mémoires, in Martin, H., XV, 341.

25. Ducros, 342.

26. Mossner, Hume, 92.

27. Köhler, Carl, History of Costume, 340.

28. Créqui, 123.

29. Lacroix, 370.

30. Ducros, 35.

31. Philosophical Dictionary, art. «Lent,» in Works, VIa, 108.

32. Mousnier and Labrousse, Dix-huitième Siècle, 166.

33. Michelet, V, 189.

34. Láng, P. H., Music in Western Civilization, 441.

35. Burney, C., General History of Music, II, 965, 969.

36. Grove’s Dictionary of Music and Musicians, IV, 320d.

37. Burney, II, 970.

38. Diderot, Le Neveu de Rameau.

39. Duclos, C., Considérations sur les moeurs, 13.

40. Goldsmith, O., Miscellaneous Works, 430.

41. Mme. Vigée-Lebrun, Mémoires, I, 156, in Taine, Ancient Regime, 141n.

42. Goncourts, Woman, 317.

43. Marmontel, Memoirs, I, 181.

44. Batiffol, Great Literary Salons, 131.

45. Walpole to Gray, Jan. 25, 1766.

46. Batiffol, 208.

47. Kavanagh, Woman in France during the 18th Century, I, 168.

48. Diderot, «On Women,» in Dialogues, 196.

CHAPTER IX

1. Faniel, S., French Art of the 18th Century, 36.

2. Ibid., 91.

3. Funck-Brentano, 180.

4. Louvre.

5. See the great commode in the Wallace Collection.

6. Dilke, Lady E., French Architects and Sculptors of the 18th Century, 77.

7. Ibid., 81.

8. Louvre.

9. Turner and Baker, Stories of the French Artists, 181.

10. Dijon Museum.

11. Versailles Museum.

12. Louvre.

13. Bearne, Court Painter, 164.

14. Diderot, Salons, I, 9, 114–19.

15. Bearne, 43.

16. Turner, 193.

17. Goncourts, French 18th-Century Painters, 61.

18. Turner, 197.

19. Louvre.

20. Block, François Boucher and the Beauvais Tapestries, 26.

21. Goncourts, French Painters, 69.

22. Seven are in the Huntington Library and Gallery at San Marino, Calif.

23. Ibid.

24. Wallace Collection.

25. Goncourts, French Painters, 91.

26. Ibid., 84.

27. Block, 22.

28. Ridder, Chardin, 8; Goncourts, French Painters, 117.

29. Louvre.

30. Louvre.

31. Louvre.

32. Goncourts, 141–42; Havens, Age of Ideas, 321.

33. Diderot, Salons, III, 4.

34. Goncourts, 177n.

35. Ibid.

36. Ibid.

37. Ibid., 164n.

38. Louvre.

39. St.-Quentin Museum.

40. Dresden.

41. St.-Quentin.

CHAPTER X

1. Duclos, Considérations, 217.

2. Grimm, Correspondance, III, 73.

3. Parton, I, 509.

4. Voltaire, essay «Ancient and Modern Tragedy,» in Works, XIXa, 134.

5. «Discourse on Tragedy,» in Works, XIXb, 181 f.

6. Parton, II, 325.

7. Brandes, I, 72.

8. Edwards, H. S., Idols of the French Stage, 83; Sainte-Beuve, Portraits of the 18th Century, I, 170.

9. Michelet, V, 303.

10. Sainte-Beuve, I, 180.

11. Michelet, V, 304.

12. Mitford, N., Madame de Pompadour, 126.

13. Hazard, European Thought in the 18th Century, 260.

14. Marivaux, Vie de Marianne, 3.

15. Crébillon fils, Le Sopha, introd.

16. Le Sopha, 65.

17. Palache, Four Novelists of the Old Regime, 4, 49.

18. Crébillon, Le Sopha, introd.

19. Saintsbury, G., introd. to Prévost’s Manon Lescaut, xliii.

20. Manon Lescaut, 220.

21. Ibid., 10.

22. 57.

23. Faguet, E., Literary History of France, 489.

24. Saintsbury, introd. to Manon Lescaut, ix-xii.

25. Bury, J., History of the Idea of Progress, 135–36; Martin, K., 280.

26. Lichtenberger, A., Le Socialisme et la Révolution française, 73; Martin, H., XV, 335; Martin, K., 62; Hazard, 197.

27. In Martin, K., 61.

28. In Crocker, Age of Crisis, 426–29.

29. Duclos, Considérations, 11–12.

30. Ibid., 17, 21.

31. 27.

32. 25.

33. Toth, 38.

34. La Bruyère and Vauvenargues, Selections, 189.

35. Vauvenargues, Oeuvres choisies, CXV, IV.

36. La Bruyère and Vauvenargues, 179.

37. Vauvenargues, CLXXXVII.

38. Ibid., CLXXXII.

39. Crocker,