13

J. Дэвид Хакер, "A Census-Based Count of the Civil War Dead," Civil War History 57, no. 4 (2011): 312, 338, 342, 348; Eugene R. Dattel, Cotton and Race in the Making of America: The Human Costs of Economic Power (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2009), 225.

14

Оутс, 309-36, 368; Фауст, 225.

15

Фауст, 211-49.

16

Джим Даунс, "Больной от свободы: African-American Illness and Suffering During the Civil War and Reconstruction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 18-64.

17

Downs, After Appomattox, 39-44; Manning, 243; Alie Thomas to Brother, July 30, 1865, Emily Waters to Husband, July 16, 1865, in Ira Berlin, ed., Families and Freedom: Документальная история родственных связей афроамериканцев в эпоху Гражданской войны (Нью-Йорк: Нью Пресс, 1997), 131-32.

18

Карл Шурц, Доклад о состоянии Юга, 39-й Конгресс, Senate Ex. Doc. 1st Session, No. 2, Project Gutenberg (1865).

19

Chesnut, 792ff.; Stephanie McCurry, Confederate Reckoning: Power and Politics in the Civil War South (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), 1.

20

Шурц, отчет; Чеснат, 21 мая 1865 г., 821, и 4 июля 1865 г., 834.

21

Чеснат, 814, 16 мая 1865 г., "В какой новой шкуре придет старый змей", 10 мая 1865 г., в Frederick Douglass, The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Speeches, Debates, and Interviews (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1979), 4: 80-85.

22

Даунс, После Аппоматтокса, 1-25.

23

Ibid., 14, 23-25, 41-42, 47-48, 89-97; James E. Sefton, The United States Army and Reconstruction, 1865-1877 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1967), 7-8.

24

Даунс, После Аппоматтокса, 92-93, 97-99.

25

Улисс С. Грант, Личные мемуары У. С. Гранта (Нью-Йорк: C. L. Webster & Co., 1886; переиздание Dover, 1995), 454. Стюарт Макконнелл, Славное довольство: The Grand Army of the Republic, 1865-1900 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,

1992), 4, 8.

26

Что касается западной части американо-мексиканской границы, то Рейчел Сент-Джон, Линия в песке: A History of the Western U.S.-.Mexico Border (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011), 1-89; Andrew R. Graybill, The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West (New York: Norton, 2013), 113. Ясный обзор границ и установления границ можно найти в книге Tamar Herzog, Defining Nations: Immigrants and Citizens in Early Modern Spain and Spanish America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), 1-23.

27

Downs, After Appomattox, 27-28, 89-90, 96; Hahn, 133; Sefton, 11-24; Gregory P. Downs, "The Mexicanization of American Politics: Транснациональный путь Соединенных Штатов от гражданской войны к стабилизации", American Historical Review 117 (2012): 393-95; William A. Dobak and Thomas D. Phillips, The Black Regulars, 1866-1898 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001), 4-5; Paul Andrew Hutton, Phil Sheridan and His Army (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 20-21.

28

Хэмлин Гарланд, Сын средней границы (Нью-Йорк: Grosset & Dunlap, 1928), 1-3.

29

Генри Адамс, Образование Генри Адамса: An Autobiography (New York: Heritage Press, 1942, ориг. изд. 1918), 195-96.

30

Ганс Л. Трефусс, Эндрю Джонсон: A Biography (New York: Norton, 1989), 188-91.

31

Майкл Перман, Воссоединение без компромисса: Юг и Реконструкция: 18651868 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973), 43-44, 57-59; Brooks D. Simpson, The Reconstruction Presidents (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998), 68; Downs, After Appomattox, 64-65; Foner, 177.

32

Perman, 4, 30-31; Michael Les Benedict, The Fruits ofVictory: Alternatives in Restoring the Union, 1865-1877 (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975), 10; Brooks D. Simpson, Let Us Have Peace: Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of War and Reconstruction, 1861-1868 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 110-11.

33

Foner, 181; Benjamin Platt Thomas, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincolns Secretary of War, ed. Harold Melvin Hyman (New York: Knopf, 1962), 1-92, цитата 57.

34

Уильям Марвел - не первый автор биографии Стэнтона, который относится к своему предмету с желтухой. William Marvel, Lincolns Autocrat: The Life of Edwin Stanton (Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 2015); Grant, 2: 105, 536-37.

35

Downs, After Appomattox, 65-66; Foner, 181-82; Benedict, 12.

36

Isenberg, 177-78; Foner, 182-83; Eric L. McKitrick, Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, i960), 7.

37

Downs, After Appomattox, 65-68; Foner, 221.

38

Downs, After Appomattox, 66-67; Foner, 178-79.

39

Downs, After Appomattox, 71; Foner, 179; Simpson, The Reconstruction Presidents, 80.

40

О клятвах: Joseph A. Ranney, In the Wake of Slavery: Civil War, Civil Rights, and the Reconstruction of Southern Law (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006), 36-37; Thomas, 447.

41

Perman, 122; Downs, After Appomattox, 79; Foner, 183.

42

Перман, 60-68, 70-74; Фонер, 187-88.

43

Perman, 59; Downs, After Appomattox, 2-3, 14-17; Harold M. Hyman, "Stanton, and Grant: A Reconsideration of the Army's Role in the Events Leading to Impeachment", American Historical Review 66, no. 1 (1960): 85-87; P. Moore Wilton, "Union Army Provost Marshals in the Eastern Theater," Military Affairs 26, no. 3 (1962): 120-26.

44

Perman, 132-33; Downs, After Appomattox, 74-78; Sefton, 5-11.

45

Пол А. Цимбала, Под опекой нации: The Freedmens Bureau and the Reconstruction of Georgia, 1865-1870 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 1, 22-29; Mark Wahlgren Summers, The Ordeal of the Reunion (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014), 57; Paul A. Cimbala, The Freedmens Bureau: Reconstructing the American South after the Civil War (Malabar, FL: Krieger, 2005), ix, 8; 23-24; Isenberg, 178; Downs, After Appomattox, 46-47.

46

Cimbala, Under the Guardianhood of the Nation, 1, 22-29; Cimbala, The Freedmens Bureau, ix, 8, 11, 13-14, 28; William S. McFeely, Yankee Stepfather: General O. O. Howard and the Freedmen (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968), 11-12, 17-19, 62-64, 69-81, 88-89.

47

Кэрол Фолкнер, Женская радикальная реконструкция: The Freedmens Aid Movement (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006), 90-95.

48

Downs, Sick from Freedom, 61-64.

49

Hahn, 9, 127-52; Leon F. Litwack, Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery, (New York: Knopf, dist. Random House, 1979), 363; Foner, 105; Cimbala, The Freedmens Bureau, 52-53.

50

Hahn, 129; Cimbala, The Freedmens Bureau, 8.

51

Foner, 50-61; Cimbala, The Freedmens Bureau, 4-5.

52

Cimbala, Under the Guardianhood of the Nation, 2-5.

53

Downs, After Appomattox, 79; Cimbala, The Freedmen's Bureau, 54-55.

54

Фонер, 63; Хан, 142.

55

Simpson, The Reconstruction Presidents, 77; Daniel W. Hamilton, The Limits of Sovereignty: Конфискация имущества в Союзе и Конфедерации во время Гражданской войны

War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 26; Ranney, 44-45; Sven Beckert, The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie, 1850-1896 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 161-62; Foner, 235-37.

56

Cimbala, The Freedmen's Bureau, 16; Cimbala, Under the Guardianhood of the Nation, 3.

57

McFeely, 91-106; Cimbala, The Freedmen's Bureau, 52-53.

58

Cimbala, The Freedmen's Bureau, 56-57; Hahn, 146; Palmer Beverly