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Mokyr, Lever of riches, 207.
10
Mokyr, Lever of riches, 207, Cardwell, Turning points, 210.
11
Nelson and Wright, ‘Rise and fall’.
12
De Vries and Van der Woude, First modern economy, esp. 668 – 673.
13
Ames and Rosenberg, ‘Changing technological leadership’, Cardwell, Turning points, 190, 206, Musson and Robinson, Science, 9, Mokyr, Lever of riches, 207, Harris, Essays, 164, Nelson and Wright, ‘Rise and fall’, Davids, ‘Shifts of technological leadership’.
14
Maddison, Dynamic forces, 30, 69.
15
Nelson and Wright, ‘The rise and fall’, 1931.
16
Производная от термина «внешнеторговый баланс» – отношение стоимости товаров, вывезенных из страны, к стоимости ввезенных товаров. – Прим. ред.
17
Harris, ‘Industrial espionage’, 164.
18
Davids, ‘Openness or secrecy’.
19
Harris, ‘Industrial espionage’, 164 – 165.
20
Hilaire-Perez and Verna, ‘Dissemination’.
21
Stromer, ‘Nuremberg as epicentre’, 41 – 42.
22
Nelson and Wright, ‘Rise and fall’, 1933 – 1934.
23
Mokyr, Lever of riches, 186 – 190, idem, ‘Cardwell’s Law’, 573, idem, Gifts of Athena, 282.
24
Mokyr, Lever of riches, 266 – 269, idem, ‘Technological inertia’, idem, ‘Political economy’, ‘Cardwell’s Law’, Gifts of Athena, chapter 6.
25
See especially Mowery and Rosenberg, ‘Influence of market demand’, Dosi, Technical change, 8 – 11, Mokyr, Lever of riches, 151 – 153.
26
Dosi, Technical change, 10.
27
Понятие, которое означает «овеществление» – превращение абстрактных понятий в якобы реально существующие явления. – Прим. ред.
28
Rosenberg, Perspectives, 108 – 125.
29
Marx and Smith, ‘Introduction’, xii.
30
Marx and Smith, ‘Introduction’, xiii.
31
Persson, Pre-industrial growth, 7 – 12, 124 – 125.
32
De Vries, European economy, 94, 252, idem, ‘Holland: commentary’, 57, Elvin, Pattern of the Chinese past, 312 – 315.
33
Dosi, Technical change, 14 – 20, Nelson and Winter, ‘In search of a useful theory’, Hughes, ‘Technological momentum’, Rosenberg, ‘Path dependent aspects’, Staudenmaier, Technology’s storytellers, 199 – 200.
34
См., напр., Mokyr, Lever of riches, 273 – 299, Basalla, Evolution of technology, passim, Nelson and Winter, ‘In search of a useful theory’. Nelson, Understanding technical change.
35
Nelson and Winter, ‘In search of a useful theory’.
36
Cf. Basalla, Evolution of technology, 45.
37
Basalla, Evolution of technology, chs. 5 and 6, Mokyr, Lever of riches, 276 – 277, 283, Nelson and Winter, ‘In search of a useful theory’.
38
Olson, Rise, chapter 3 esp. p. 74.
39
Staudenmaier, Technology’s storytellers, 192 – 199.
40
Landes, Unbound Prometheus, 1, 3.
41
Lynn White, Medieval technology, idem, Medieval religion, 77 – 80, Gimpel, Medieval machine, Pacey, Maze of ingenuity, chapters 1 and 2, Reynolds, Stronger than a hundred men, chapter 2, Gille, Histoire des techniques, 508 – 579, Stromer, ‘Eine «Industrielle Revolution»’, Troitzsch and Wohlauf (eds.), Technik-Geschichte, 105 – 138, Frances and Joseph Gies, Cathedral, forge and waterwheel. Вместе с тем теорию «промышленной революции» подвергают критике, напр., в Richard Holt ‘Medieval technology’ and Adam Lucas, ‘Industrial milling’.
42
Nef, ‘Progress of technology’, Rosenband, ‘John U. Nef’.
43
Heller, Labour, esp. Chapter 7 on the ‘inertia of history’ in publications by Annales-historians.
44
Международное объединение ученых, существовавшее в эпоху Возрождения и Просвещения. – Прим. ред.
45
Pacey, Maze of ingenuity, 56 – 58, Keller, ‘Mathematical technologies’, 11 – 13, White, Medieval religion, 250.
46
Eisenstein, Printing press, 20 – 21, Keller, ‘Mathematical technologies’, 22 – 23, idem, ‘A Renaissance Humanist’, 345 – 365, Spedding, Ellis and Heath (eds.), Works Bacon, vol. I Novum Organum, Aphorism CXXIX, [Johannes Stradanus] Nova Reperta, Heller, Labour, 180.
47
Цит. по Heller, Labour, 180.
48
See e.g. Troitzsch, Ansätze technologischer Denkens.
49
Parker, Military revolution, Landers, Field and forge, esp. part II.
50
Eisenstein, Printing press, 552 – 557.
51
Long, Openness, secrecy, authorship, 5 – 15, 92 – 93, 244 – 250.
52
Popplow, ‘Verwendung’, passim, idem, ‘Erfindungsschutz und Maschinenbücher’ passim, idem, Neu, nützlich und erfindungsreich, esp. Einleitung.
53
Goodman, Power and penury, Garcia Tapia, Tecnica y poder, Heller, Labour, chapters 4 and 6, esp. p. 118.
54
Wrigley, Continuity, chapters 1 and 2, Landers, Field and forge, 1 – 3, 47 – 71, Radkau, Technik in Deutschland, 59 – 73.
55
Wrigley, Continuity, 50 – 67, 103 – 104, 113 – 114, idem, ‘The Dutch triumph’, esp. pp. 284 – 285, cf. also Landers, Field and forge, 1 – 2, 119 – 122.
56
Van der Wee, ‘Continuiteit en discontinuiteit’, 275 – 280, idem, ‘Industrial dynamics’.
57
Van Zanden, Rise and decline, 4.
58
Idem, 29 – 41, 171 – 172, idem, ‘Taking the measure’, esp. 133 – 140 and 149 – 157; некоторые гипотезы об обстоятельствах изменений между
