class="p1">David Freedberg, The Eye of the Lynx: Galileo, His Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 246–55, Pinero, 'The Pomar Codex', 42, Vogel, 'European Expansion and Self-Definition', 826 и Asúa and French, A New World of Animals, 98–100.

46

Millie Gimmel, 'Reading Medicine in the Codex de la Cruz Badiano', Journal of the History of Ideas 69 (2008), Sandra Zetina, 'The Encoded Language of Herbs: Material Insights into the de la Cruz – Badiano Codex', в Wolf, Connors, and Waldman, eds., Colors between Two Worlds и Vogel, 'European Expansion and Self-Definition', 826.

47

William Gates, 'Introduction to the Mexican Botanical System', в Martín de la Cruz, The de la Cruz – Badiano Aztec Herbal of 1552, пер. William Gates (Baltimore: The Maya Society, 1939), vi–xvi и Gimmel, 'Reading Medicine', 176–79.

48

Martín de la Cruz, The de la Cruz-Badiano Aztec Herbal of 1552, пер. William Gates (Baltimore: The Maya Society, 1939), 14–15.

49

Gimmel, 'Reading Medicine', 176–179.

50

Raymond Stearns, Science in the British Colonies of America (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1970), 65, Paula Findlen, 'Courting Nature', в Jardine, Secord, and Spary, eds., Cultures of Natural History, Cook, 'Medicine', 416–423, Barrera-Osorio, Experiencing Nature, 122, Grafton, New Worlds, Ancient Texts, 67 и Worth Estes, 'The Reception of American Drugs in Europe, 1500–1650', 111–119.

51

Gimmel, 'Reading Medicine', 189 и Freedberg, Eye of the Lynx, 252–6.

52

Surekha Davies, Renaissance Ethnography and the Invention of the Human: New Worlds, Maps and Monsters (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 149–170, Laurence Bergreen, Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe (New York: Morrow, 2003), 160–163 и Antonio Pigafetta, The First Voyage around the World, ed. Theodore J. Cachey Jr (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007), 12–17.

53

Alden Vaughan, Transatlantic Encounters: American Indians in Britain, 1500–1776 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), xi–xii и 12–13 и Elizabeth Boone, 'Seeking Indianness: Christoph Weiditz, the Aztecs, and Feathered Amerindians', Colonial Latin American Review 26 (2017): 40–47.

54

Anthony Pagden, The Fall of Natural Man: The American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), Joan-Pau Rubiés, 'New Worlds and Renaissance Ethnology', History of Anthropology 6 (1993) и J. H. Eliot, 'The Discovery of America and the Discovery of Man', в Anthony Pagden, ed., Facing Each Other: The World's Perception of Europe and Europe's Perception of the World (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000), David Abulafia, The Discovery of Mankind: Atlantic Encounters in the Age of Columbus (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009) и Rebecca Earle, The Body of the Conquistador: Food, Race and the Colonial Experience in Spanish America, 1492–1700 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 23–24.

55

Cecil Clough, 'The New World and the Italian Renaissance', в The European Outthrust and Encounter, eds. Cecil Clough and P. Hair (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1994), 301, Davies, Renaissance Ethnography, 30 и 70, Acosta, Natural and Moral History of the Indies, 71 и Crosby, Columbian Exchange, 28.

56

Saul Jarcho, 'Origin of the American Indian as Suggested by Fray Joseph de Acosta (1589)', Isis 50 (1959), Acosta, Natural and Moral History of the Indies, 51 и Pagden, Fall of Natural Man, 150.

57

Acosta, Natural and Moral History of the Indies, 51–53 и 63–71.

58

Diego von Vacano, 'Las Casas and the Birth of Race', History of Political Thought 33 (2012), Manuel Giménez Fernández, 'Fray Bartolomé de las Casas: A Biographical Sketch', в Bartolomé de las Casas in History: Towards an Understanding of the Man and His Work, eds. Juan Friede and Benjamin Keen (DeKalb: Illinois University Press, 1971), 67–73 и Pagden, Fall of Natural Man, 45–46, 90, 121–122.

59

G. L. Huxley, 'Aristotle, Las Casas and the American Indians', Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 80 (1980): 57–59, Vacano, 'Las Casas', 401–410 и Giménez Fernández, 'Fray Bartolomé de las Casas', 67–73.

60

Bartolomé de las Casas, Bartolomé de las Casas: A Selection of His Writings, пер. George Sanderlin (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1971), 114–115 и Christian Johns, The Origins of Violence in Mexican Society (Westport: Praeger, 1995), 156–57.

61

Earle, Body of the Conquistador, 19–23.

62

Earle, Body of the Conquistador, 21–23.

63

Jorge Canizares-Esguerra, 'New World, New Stars: Patriotic Astrology and the Invention of Indian and Creole Bodies in Colonial Spanish America, 1600–1650', American Historical Review 104 (1999) и Earle, Body of the Conquistador, 22.

64

Karen Spalding, 'Introduction', в Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Royal Commentaries of the Incas and General History of Peru, пер. Harold Livermore (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2006), xi–xxii.

65

Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Royal Commentaries of the Incas and General History of Peru, пер. Harold Livermore (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2006), 1–11.

66

Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, First Part of the Royal Commentaries of the Yncas, пер. Clements Markham (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1869), 1:v–vi, 2:87, 2:236–237.

67

Barbara Mundy, The Mapping of New Spain: Indigenous Cartography and the Maps of the Relaciones Geográficas (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 14 и Hans Wolff, 'America – Early Images of the New World', в America: Early Maps of the New World, ed. Hans Wolff (Munich: Prestel, 1992), 45.

68

Hans Wolff, 'The Conception of the World on the Eve of the Discovery of America – Introduction', в Wolff, ed., America, 10–15 и Klaus Vogel, 'Cosmography', в Park and Daston, eds., The Cambridge History of Science: Early Modern Science, 474–478.

69

Vogel, 'Cosmography', 478.

70

Wolff, 'America', 27, 45.

71

Rüdiger Finsterwalder, 'The Round Earth on a Flat Surface: World Map Projections before 1550', в Wolff, ed., America, 80.

72

Rüdiger Finsterwalder, 'The Round Earth on a Flat Surface: World Map Projections before 1550', в Wolff, ed., America, 80.

73

Vogel, 'Cosmography', 484 и Mundy, Mapping of New Spain, 1–23, 227–230.

74

Felipe Fernández-Armesto, 'Maps and Exploration in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries', в The History of Cartography: Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 745, G. Malcolm Lewis, 'Maps, Mapmaking, and Map Use by Native North Americans', в The History of Cartography: Cartography in the Traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific Societies, eds. David Woodward and G. Malcolm Lewis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998) и Brian Harley, 'New England Cartography and Native Americans', в American Beginnings: Exploration, Culture, and Cartography in the Land of Norumbega, eds. Emerson Baker, Edwin Churchill, Richard D'Abate, Kristine Jones, Victor Konrad, and Harald Prins (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 288.

75

Juan López de Velasco, 'Instruction and Memorandum for Preparing the Reports', в Handbook of Middle American Indians: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, ed. Howard Cline (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1972), 1:234, Guerra, 'Aztec Science and Technology', 40 и Mundy, Mapping of New Spain,