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59. Hench PK: Nonarticular rheumatism. In: Rheumatic Diseases: Diagnosis and Management. Edited by Katz WA. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1977 (p. 624).

60. Hirschberg GG, Froetscher L, Naeim F: Iliolumbar syndrome as a common cause of low back pain: Diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 60:415–419, 1979.

61. Hollinshead WH: Anatomy for Surgeons. Ed. 3, Vol. 3, The Head and Neck. Harper & Row, Hagerstown, 1982 (p. 79, Fig. 2–2).

62. Janda V: Evaluation of muscular imbalance. Chapter 6. In: Rehabilitation of the Spine: A Practitioner’s Guide. Edited by Liebenson C. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1996 (pp. 97-112).

63. Jayasinghe WJ, Harding RH, Anderson JA, et al.: An electromyographic investigation of postural fatigue in low back pain — a preliminary study. Electromyo Clin Neurophysiol 18:191–198, 1978.

64. Jenkins DB: Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back. Ed. 6. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1991 (pp. 203, 204).

65. Jonsson B: Morphology, innervation, and electromyographic study of the erector spinae. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 50:638–641, 1969.

66. Jonsson B: Topography of the lumbar part of the erector spinae muscle. Z Anat Entwickl Gesch 130:177–191, 1970.

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68. Kellgren JH: Observations on referred pain arising from muscle. Clin Sci 3:175–190, 1938 (pp. 180, 181, 185, 186; Figs. 3, 5, 9).

69. Kellgren JH: The anatomical source of back pain. Rheumatol Rehabil 16:3—12, 1977 (p. 7, Fig. 3; and p. 9, Fig. 4).

70. Kelly M: Pain in the chest: observations on the use of local anaesthesia in its investigation and treatment. Med J Aust 1:4–7, 1944 (pp. 5, 6, Case 4).

71. Korr IM, Wright HM, Chace JA: Cutaneous patterns of sympathetic activity in clinical abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system. Acta Neurovegetativa 25:489–606, 1964.

72. Korr 1M, Wright HM, Thomas PE: Effects of experimental myofascial insults on cutaneous patterns of sympathetic activity in man. Acta Neurovegetativa 23:329–355, 1962.

73. Kraus H: Clinical Treatment of Back and Neck Pain. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970 (pp. 83, 98, 105, 106).

74. Lange M: Die Muskelhdrten (Myogelosen); lhre Entstehung und Heilung. J. F. Lehmanns, Monchen, 1931(pp. 30, 91, 137, 138, 152, 158).

75. Letts RM, Quanbury AO: Paraspinal muscle activity. Phys Sportsmed 6(9):80–90, 1978.

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84. Lynn P: Personal communication, 1995.

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89. Ibid. (p. 95).

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92. Morris JM, Lucas DB, Bresler B: Role of the trunk in stability of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg 43A:327–351, 1961.

93. Nachemson A, Lindh M: Measurement of abdominal and back muscle strength with and without low back pain. Scand J Rehabil Med 1:60–65, 1969.

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95. Nichols PJ: Short-leg syndrome. Br Med J 1:1863–1865, 1960.

96. Okada M: An electromyographic estimation of the relative muscular load in different human postures. J Human Ergol 1:75–93, 1972.

97. Orr LM, Mathers F, Butt T: Somatic pain due to fibrolipomatous nodules, simulating ureterorenal disease: a preliminary report. J Urol 59:1061–1069, 1948.

98. Osier W: The Principles and Practice of Medicine. D. Appleton and Co., New York, 1912 (p. 1131).

99. Patton IJ, Williamson JA: Fibrositis as a factor in the differential diagnosis of visceral pain. Can Med Assoc J 58:162–166, 1948 (Cases 2 and 3).

100. Pauly JE: An electromyographic analysis of certain movements and exercises, I — some deep muscles of the back. Anat Rec 155:223–234, 1966.

101. Pemkopf E: Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy, Vol. 2. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1964 (Fig. 30).

102. Ibid. (p. 35).

103. Price JP, Clare MN, Ewerhardt FH: Studies in low backache with persistent muscle spasm. Arch Phys Rehabil Med 29:703–709, 1948.

104. Rachlin ES; Injection of Specific Trigger Points. Chapter 10. In: Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia. Edited by Rachlin ES. Mosby, St. Louis, 1994, pp. 197–360 (see p. 203).

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106. Richter HR: Fettgewebe «Hemien.» In: Der Weichteilrheumatismus. Vol. 1. Fortbildungskunde Rheumatol. Karger, Basel, 1971 (pp. 49–59).

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