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Elraiyah T, Sonbol MB, Wang Z, et al. Clinical review: the benefits and harms of systemic dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in postmenopausal women with normal adrenal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(10):3536–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25279571/
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves Intrarosa for postmenopausal women experiencing pain during sex. FDA.gov. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-intrarosa-postmenopausal-women-experiencing-pain-during-sex. Published November 17, 2016. Accessed Sept 26, 2022.; https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-intrarosa-postmenopausal-women-experiencing-pain-during-sex
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Labrie F, Martel C, Bérubé R, et al. Intravaginal prasterone (DHEA) provides local action without clinically significant changes in serum concentrations of estrogens or androgens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013;138:359–67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23954500/
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Faubion SS, Sood R, Kapoor E. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: management strategies for the clinician. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(12):1842–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29202940/
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Di Donato V, Schiavi MC, Iacobelli V, et al. Ospemifene for the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Part II: evaluation of tolerability and safety. Maturitas. 2019;121:93–100. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30509754/
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Gold EB. Relation of demographic and lifestyle factors to symptoms in a multi-racial/ethnic population of women 40–55 years of age. Am Journal Epidemiol. 2000;152(5):463–73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10981461/
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Ghazanfarpour M, Roudsari RL, Treglia G, Sadeghi R. Topical administration of isoflavones for treatment of vaginal symptoms in postmenopausal women: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;35(8):783–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25710207/
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Lima SMRR, Bernardo BFA, Yamada SS, Reis BF, da Silva GMD, Galvão MAL. Effects of Glycine max (L.) Merr. soy isoflavone vaginal gel on epithelium morphology and estrogen receptor expression in postmenopausal women: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Maturitas. 2014;78(3):205–11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24856055/
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Lima SMRR, Yamada SS, Reis BF, Postigo S, Galvão da Silva MAL, Aoki T. Effective treatment of vaginal atrophy with isoflavone vaginal gel. Maturitas. 2013;74(3):252–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23312487/
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Pan L, Xia H, Ma J, Zhang A. Soy isoflavone improved female sexual dysfunction of mice via endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Sex Med. 2019;7(3):345–51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31303464/
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Nikander E, Rutanen EM, Nieminen P, Wahlström T, Ylikorkala O, Tiitinen A. Lack of effect of isoflavonoids on the vagina and endometrium in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril. 2005;83(1):137–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15652899/
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Nourozi M, Haghollahi F, Ramezanzadeh F, Hanachi P. Effect of soy milk consumption on quality of life in Iranian postmenopausal women. J Family Reprod Health. 2015;9(2):93–100. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26175764/
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Hanachi P, Golkho S. The effect of soymilk on menopausal symptoms and total antioxidant levels in menopausal women. Malaysian J Med Health Sci. 2008;4(1):33–40. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267037285_The_effect_of_soymilk_on_menopausal_symptoms_and_total_antioxidant_levels_in_menopausal_women
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Padmaqriya S, Kumar SS. Quality of life of postmenopausal women receiving plant-based phytoestrogens. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2020;11(10):4998–5003. https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/quality-of-life-of-postmenopausal-women-receiving-plant-based-phytoestrogens/
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Amsterdam A, Abu-Rustum N, Carter J, Krychman M. Persistent sexual arousal syndrome associated with increased soy intake. J Sex Med. 2005;2(3):338–40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16422864/
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Omidvar S, Esmailzadeh S, Baradaran M, Basirat Z. Effect of fennel on pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea: a placebo-controlled trial. Ayu. 2012;33(2):311–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23559811/
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Modaress Nejad V, Asadipour M. Comparison of the effectiveness of fennel and mefenamic acid on pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea. East Mediterr Health J. 2006;12(3–4):423–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17037712/
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Ghazanfarpour M, Shokrollahi P, Khadivzadeh T, et al. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Post Reprod Health. 2017;23(4):171–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28990439/
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Ghaffari P, Hosseininik M, Afrasiabifar A, et al. The effect of Fennel seed powder on estradiol levels, menopausal symptoms, and sexual desire in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2020;27(11):1281–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33110044/
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Yaralizadeh M, Abedi P, Najar S, Namjoyan F, Saki A. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) vaginal cream on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Maturitas. 2016;84:75–80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26617271/
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Mazalzadeh F, Hekmat K, Namjouyan F, Saki A. Effect of Trigonella foenum (fenugreek) vaginal cream on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(6):2714–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32984113/
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Abedi P, Najafian M, Yaralizadeh M, Namjoyan F. Effect of fennel vaginal cream on sexual function in postmenopausal women: a double blind randomized controlled trial. J Med Life. 2018;11(1):24–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29696061/
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Poole C, Bushey B, Foster C, et al. The effects of a commercially available botanical supplement on strength, body composition, power output, and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010;7:34. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20979623/
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Mansoori A, Hosseini S, Zilaee M, Hormoznejad R, Fathi M. Effect of fenugreek extract supplement on testosterone levels in male: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2020;34(7):1550–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32048383/
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Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L. Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a double-blind randomised clinical study. Aging Male. 2016;19(2):134–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26791805/
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Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Mirhosseini M, Mesripour A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. A review on ethnobotanical and therapeutic uses of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L). J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016;21(1):53–62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25922446/
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Rao A, Steels E, Beccaria G, Inder WJ, Vitetta L. Influence of a specialized Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract (libifem), on testosterone, estradiol and sexual function in healthy menstruating women, a randomised placebo controlled study. Phytother Res. 2015;29(8):1123–30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25914334/
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Steels E, Steele ML, Harold M, Coulson