41

Ruth Birgitta Anderson Bordin, Frances Willard: A Biography (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986), 216-17; Giddings, 266-67; Louise Michele Newman, White Women's Rights: The Racial Origins of Feminism in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 66-68; Alison M. Parker, Articulating Rights: Nineteenth-Century American Women on Race, Reform, and the State (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010), 169-73; Gilmore, 56-57; Ian R. Tyrrell, Reforming the World: The Creation of America's Moral Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010), 168-74; Shawn Leigh Alexander, An Army of Lions: The Civil Rights Struggle before the NAACP (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012), 23-97.

42

Тиррелл, 172-75; Паркер, 171-73.

43

Гилмор, 45-59.

44

Charles Postel, The Populist Vision (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 173-84, 188, 203; Marek D. Steedman, Jim Crow Citizenship: Liberalism and the Southern Defense of Racial Hierarchy (New York: Routledge, 2012), 103-4.

45

M. Элизабет Сандерс, Корни реформ: Farmers, Workers, and the American State, 1877-1917 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 127-30; Bordin, 182-83; Postel, 95.

46

Лоуренс Гудвин, "Демократические обещания: популистский момент в Америке" (Нью-Йорк: Оксфорд Юниверсити Пресс, 1976), 264-66.

47

Postel, 13; Goodwyn, 270-72; Paul Kleppner, The Third Electoral System, 1953-1892 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979), 299-303.

48

Ричард Р. Джон, Сетевая нация: Inventing American Telecommunications (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010), 121-23; Goodwyn, 167-68.

49

Postel, 112-33; Jeffrey Ostler, Prairie Populism: The Fate of Agrarian Radicalism in Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa, 1880-1892 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1993), 94-97. Ричард Орси, "Сансет Лимитед: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West, 1850-1930 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 325-27.

50

Гудвин, 166-69; Сандерс, 125-27.

51

Postel, 99, 100, 182-83, 187-203; C. Vann Woodward, Tom Watson: Agrarian Rebel (New York: Oxford University Press, 1963), 370; Goodwyn, 324-30; George H. Mayer, The Republican Party, 1854-1964 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1964), 236-37; Sanders, 133-34; Paul Kleppner, Continuity and Change Electoral Politics, 1893-1928 (New York: Greenwood Press, 1987), 61-62.

52

Steedman, 70-77; Richard M. Valelly, The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 53; Postel, 188, 192, 196, 200.

53

David Nasaw, Andrew Carnegie (New York: Penguin Press, 2006), 376; Mayer, 235; Ari Arthur Hoogenboom, Rutherford B. Hayes: Warrior and President (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995), 525; Paul Krause, The Battle for Homestead, 1880-1892: Politics, Culture, and Steel (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992), 344.

54

Льюис Л. Гулд, Великая старая партия: A History of the Republicans (New York: Random House, 2003), 111-12; James Bryce, The American Commonwealth (London: Macmillan, 1897, orig. ed. 1888), 1: 78-85.

55

Роберт Э. Мач, Покупка голоса: A History of Campaign Finance Reform (New York: Oxford, 2014), 17-18; Daniel Klinghard, The Nationalization of American Political Parties, 1880-1896 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 108-23, 176-77.

56

H. Адамс - Джону Хэю, 12 ноября 1892 г., в "Письмах Генри Адамса", изд. J. C. Levenson (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1982), 4: 78-79; R. Hal Williams, Years of Decision: Американская политика в 1890-е годы (Нью-Йорк: Wiley, 1978), 64-65.

57

Мелвин Дубофски, "Истоки радикализма западного рабочего класса, 1890-1905", История труда 7, № 2 (1966): 138.

58

Mayer, 231-38; H. Adams to John Hay, Nov. 12, 1892, in The Letters of Henry Adams, 4: 78-79; Gould, 112-13; Edward T. O'Donnell, Henry George and the Crisis ofInequality: Progress and Poverty in the Gilded Age (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015), 277-78; Sanders, 135; Hoogenboom, 525; Williams, Years of Decision 68.

59

W. D. Howells to W. C. Howells, Nov. 6, 1892, in William Dean Howells, Selected Letters, ed. George Warren Arms (Boston: Twayne, 1979), 4: 29.

60

Paul Kleppner, The Third Electoral System, 299, 302-4; Kleppner, Continuity and Change in Electoral Politics, 1893-1928, 59-63; Goodwyn, 317-20; Christopher William England, "Land and Liberty: Генри Джордж, движение за единый налог и истоки либерализма XX века" (докторская диссертация, Джорджтаунский университет, 2015), 136-40; Ostler, 6-11.

61

Остлер, 6 -11.

62

Kleppner, Continuity and Change in Electoral Politics, 1893-1928, 59-62; Klinghard, 178; Goodwyn, 317-20; Kleppner, The Third Electoral System, 1853-1892, 299, 302-3.

63

Кевин М. Крузе, Одна нация под Богом: How Corporate America Invented Christian America (New York: Basic Books, 2015), 100-101; Stanley Buder, Pullman: An Experiment in Industrial Order and Community Planning, 1880-1930 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967), 147-49; Wim de Wit, "Building an Illusion," in Wim de Wit, James Gilbert, Robert W. Rydell, Neil Harris, and Chicago Historical Society, Grand Illusions: Chicago's World's Fair of 1893 (Chicago: Chicago Historical Society, 1993), 110; Robert W. Rydell, All the World's a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876-1916 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 40, 46; Richard Schneirov, Labor and Urban Politics: Class Conflict and the Origins of Modern Liberalism in Chicago, 1864-97 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 284-88, 332-33.

64

Уильям Кронон, Метрополис природы: Chicago and the Great West (New York: Norton, 1991), 341-42; Wim de Wit, "Building an Illusion", 43-47, 51, 58; Rydell, 68.

65

Нил Харрис, "Память и Белый город", в Вим де Вит, Джеймс Гилберт, Роберт В. Райделл, Нил Харрис и Чикагское историческое общество, Великие иллюзии: Chicago's World's Fair of 1893 (Chicago: Chicago Historical Society, 1993), 3-32, цитата 15.

66

Tyrrell, 2-64, passim; Knight, 270-71; Robert Rydell, "A Cultural Frankenstein? The Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893," in de Wit et al., 151-57; Anna Gordon, Apr. 18, May 17, and May 22, 1893, and see also Willard, Aug. 5, Aug. 6, Sep. 9, Sep. 25, 1893, in Frances E. Willard, Writing out My Heart: Selections from the Journal of Frances E. Willard, 1855, ed. Carolyn De Swarte Gifford (Urbana: University of Illinois Press,

1995), 372-73.

67

Письмо 2, Уильям Дин Хоуэллс, "Письма альтрурийского путешественника, 1893-94", Cosmopolitan 16 (1893): 20-27; Rydell, "A Cultural Frankenstein?" 157; Rydell, All the World's a Fair, 40-43, 49-50, 55-58, 60, 63-68.

68

Giddings, 268-80; Christopher Robert Reed, All the World Is Here! The Black Presence at White City (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000), 20-23, 26-31; Thomas C. Holt, Children of Fire: История афроамериканцев (Нью-Йорк: Hill and Wang, 2010), 194-96; Ида Б. Уэллс-Барнетт, ред. The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World's Columbian Exposition: The Afro-American's Contribution to Columbian Literature (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999; reprint, 1999), 185; William McFeely, Frederick Douglass (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991), 367-69.

69

Rydell, All the World's