textbook is a presentation of the main issues of the social history of modem China. The authors of the manual focus on determining the place and role of China in global history, on understanding the features of its socio-political and socioeconomic development, based on the principles of historical sociology. The textbook is aimed at social scientists, in particular, those who carry out comparative Russian-Chinese historical and sociological research, and can also be useful for students of higher educational institutions studying in various areas of humanitarian training, a wide range of readers interested in the social history of China in the XX – beginning of the XXI century.