Шрифт:
Закладка:
578
Ip G. The Antitrust Case Against Facebook, Google and Amazon // Wall Street Journal. 2018. 16 января.
579
Global Top 100 Companies by Market Capitalisation / PwC. 2018.
580
Andreessen M. Why Software Is Eating the World // Wall Street Journal. 2011. 20 августа.
581
Chan C. When One App Rules Them All: The Case of WeChat and Mobile in China // Andreessen Horowitz. URL: https://a16z.com/2015/08/06/wechat-china-mobilefirst/. Цит. по: Susskind J. Future Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. С. 331.
582
Frommer D. Microsoft Is Smart to Prepare for Its New Role as Underdog // Quartz. 2014. 17 июля.
583
Klisner J. IBM: Creating Shareholder Value with AI? Not So Elementary, My Dear Watson // Jefferies Franchise Note. 2017. 12 июля. URL: https://javatar.bluematrix.com/pdf/fO5xcWjc.
584
Hartmans A. These 18 Incredible Products Didn’t Exist 10 Years Ago // Business Insider UK. 2017. 16 июля.
585
Esteva A., Kuprel B., Novoa R. A., et al. Dermatologist-level Classification of Skin Cancer with Deep Neural Networks // Nature. 2017. № 542. С. 115–118.
586
Reinke J. From Old Steel Mill to Autonomous Vehicle Test Track // Thomas. 2017. 19 октября. Coren M. J. Tesla Has 780 Million Miles of Driving Data, and Adds Another Million Every 10 Hours // Quartz. 2016. 28 мая. Madrigal A. C. Inside Waymo’s Secret World for Training SelfDriving Cars // Atlantic. 2017. 23 августа.
587
McCandless D. Codebases: Millions of Lines of Code // Informationisbeautiful.net. 2015. 24 сентября. URL: https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/million-lines-of-code/ (дата обращения: 25.04.2018).
588
Coren M. J. San Francisco Is Actually One of the Worst-Paying Places in the US for Software Engineers // Quartz. 2017. 9 февраля.
589
Manber U., Norvig P. The Power of the Apollo Missions in a Single Google Search // Google Inside Search. 2012. 28 августа. URL: https://search.googleblog.com/2012/08/the-power-of-apollo-missions-in-single.html (дата обращения: 25.04.2018).
590
Singh S., Okun A., Jackson A. Artificial Intelligence: Learning to Play Go from Scratch // Nature. 2017. № 550. С. 336–337.
591
Silver D. Schrittwieser J., Simonyan K., et al. Mastering the Game of Go Without Human Knowledge // Nature. 2017. № 550. С. 354–359.
592
Susskind J. Future Politics. С. 318.
593
Motta M. Competition Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. С. 39.
594
Thiel P. Competition Is for Losers // Wall Street Journal. 2014. 12 сентября.
595
О Microsoft см.: Brinkley J. U.S. vs. Microsoft: The Overview. U. S. Judge Says Microsoft Violated Antitrust Laws with Predatory Behavior // New York Times. 2000. 4 апреля. О Facebook см.: Chazan G. German Antitrust Watchdog Warns Facebook over Data Collection // Financial Times. 2017. 19 декабря. О Google см.: Toplensky R. Google Appeals €2.4bn EU Antitrust Fine // Financial Times. 2017. 11 сентября. Об Apple см.: Liptak A., Goel V. Supreme Court Declines to Hear Apple’s Appeal in E-Book Pricing Case // New York Times. 2011. 7 марта. Об Amazon см.: van Dorpe S. The Case Against Amazon / Politico.eu. 2019. 4 марта.
596
Этот пример приводится в: Thiel P., Masters B. Zero to One. New York: Crown Business, 2014.
597
Cox M. Schumpeter in His Own Words // Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas: Economic Insights. 2001. № 3 (6). С. 5.
598
Шумпетер Й. А. Капитализм, социализм и демократия. М.: Экономика, 1995.
599
Perry M. J. Fortune 500 Firms 1955 v. 2017: Only 60 Remain, Thanks to the Creative Destruction That Fuels Economic Prosperity / AEIdeas. 2017. 13 октября.
600
Ezrachi A., Stucke M. Virtual Competition: The Promise and Perils of the AlgorithmDriven Economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016. Главы 5–8.
601
Calvano E., Calzolari G., Denicolò V., Pastorello S. Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Pricing, and Collusion // Vox CEPR Policy Portal. 2019. 3 февраля. URL: https://voxeu.org/ (дата обращения: 02.2019).
602
Данные взяты из: Molla R., Del Ray J. Amazon’s Epic 20-year Run as a Public Company Explained in Five Charts // Recode.net. 2017. 15 мая. С четвертого квартала 2017 года данные сверены по: https://ir.aboutamazon.com/quarterly-results.
603
Evans B. Why Amazon Has No Profits (And Why It Works) // Ben-evans.com. 2014. 5 сентября. URL: https://www.ben-evans.com/benedictevans/2014/9/4/why-amazon-has-no-profits-and-why-it-works (дата обращения: 25.04.2018).
604
Lee T. Uber Lost $2.8 Billion in 2016. Will It Ever Become Profitable? // Vox. 2017. 15 апреля.
605
Khan L. M. Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox // Yale Law Journal. 2017. № 3 (126). С. 564–907.
606
См. историю ExxonMobil, например: http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/about-us/history/overview (дата обращения: 25.04.2018).
607
May 15, 1911: Supreme Court Orders Standard Oil to Be Broken Up // New York Times. 2012. 15 мая.
608
The World’s Most Valuable Resource Is No Longer Oil, but Data // The Economist. 2017. 6 мая.
609
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911). URL: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/221/1/case.html (дата обращения: 25.04.2018).
610
Google Searches Expose Racial Bias, Says Study of Names // BBC News. 2013. 4 февраля Цит. по: Susskind J. Future Politics. С. 288.
611
Vincent J. Google “Fixed” Its Racist Algorithm by Removing Gorillas from Its ImageLabeling Tech // Verge. 2018. 12 января… Цит. по: Там же.
