Draft Fragment’. The British Journal for the History of Science, 5 (2), 178–186.

Ng, Y.-K. (1989). ‘What Should We Do About Future Generations?: Impossibility of Parfit’s Theory X’. Economics and Philosophy, 5 (2), 235–253.

Ng, Y.-K. (2005), ‘Intergenerational Impartiality: Replacing Discounting by Probability Weighting’. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 18 (3), 237–257.

Ng, Y.-K. (2016). ‘The Importance of Global Extinction in Climate Change Policy’. Global Policy, 7 (3), 315–322.

NHGRI (2018). Human Genome Project FAQ. https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project/Completion-FAQ

NOAA (2019). Global Monthly Mean CO2. https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ gmd/ccgg/trends/

Norris, R. S., and Kristensen, H. M. (2012). ‘The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Nuclear Order of Battle, October and November 1962’. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 68 (6), 85–91.

Nunn, N., and Qian, N. (2010). ‘The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas’. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24 (2), 163–188.

O’Toole, G. (2013). If the Bee Disappeared Off the Face of the Earth, Man Would Only Have Four Years Left to Live. https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/08/27/einstein-bees/

Obama, B. (2016). Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Abe of Japan at Hiroshima Peace Memorial. Obama White House.

Office for Technology Assessment (1979). The Effects of Nuclear War.

Ogburn, W. F. (1937). Technological Trends and National Policy, including the Social Implications of New Inventions. HathiTrust.

Oman, L., and Shulman, C. (2012). Nuclear Winter and Human Extinction: Q & A with Luke Oman. http://www.overcomingbias.com/ 2012/11/nuclear-winter-and-human-extinction-qa-with-lukeoman.html

Omohundro, S. M. (2008). ‘The Basic AI Drives’. Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, 483–492. IOS Press.

OPCW (2017). ‘The Structure of the OPCW’ [Fact Sheet]. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

OPCW (2018). Decision – Programme and Budget of the OPCW for 2019. https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/2018/11/c23dec10 %28e%29.pdf

Ord, T. (2013). The Moral Imperative toward Cost-Effectiveness in Global Health. The Center for Global Development.

Ord, T. (2015). ‘Moral Trade’. Ethics, 126 (1), 118–138.

Ord, T., and Beckstead, N. (2014). Chapter 10, in M. Walport and C. Craig (eds), Innovation: Managing Risk, Not Avoiding It. The Government Chief Scientific Adviser’s annual report.

Ord, T., Hillerbrand, R., and Sandberg, A. (2010). ‘Probing the Improbable: Methodological Challenges for Risks with Low Probabilities and High Stakes’. Journal of Risk Research, 13 (2), 191–205.

Orseau, L., and Armstrong, S. (2016). ‘Safely Interruptible Agents’. Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 557–566. AUAI Press.

Orwell, G. (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four. Secker and Warburg. [Оруэлл Дж. 1984. М.: АСТ, 2021. Перевод В. Голышева.]

Orwell, G. (2013). ‘To Noel Willmett/18 May 1944’, in P. Davison (ed.), George Orwell: A Life in Letters. Liveright Publishing.

OSTP (2016). ‘Request for Information on the Future of Artificial Intelligence: Public Responses’. White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.

Overbye, D. (12 April 2016). ‘Reaching for the Stars, Across 4.37 Light-Years’. The New York Times.

Oxnard Press-Courier (12 March 1958). ‘Accidents Stir Concern Here and in Britain’. Oxnard Press-Courier.

Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and Persons. Oxford University Press.

Parfit, D. (2017a). ‘Future People, the Non-Identity Problem, and Person-Affecting Principles’. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 45 (2), 118–157.

Parfit, D. (2017b). On What Matters, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.

Pauling, L. (1962). ‘Linus Pauling Nobel Lecture: Science and Peace’. The Nobel Peace Prize 1962. Nobel Media.

Peabody Energy. (2018) ‘2018 Annual Report’. Peabody Energy Corp.

Pearl, J. (2000). Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference. Cambridge University Press.

Pearson, G. (1999). The UNSCOM Saga: Chemical and Biological Weapons Non-Proliferation. St Martin’s Press.

Philips, A. F. (1998). 20 Mishaps That Might Have Started Accidental Nuclear War. http://nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/accidents/20-mishaps-maybe-caused-nuclear-war.htm

Phillips, P. J., et al. (2011). ‘Distinguishing Identical Twins by Face Recognition’. Face and Gesture, 185–192. IEEE.

Phoenix, C., and Drexler, E. (2004). ‘Safe Exponential Manufacturing’. Nanotechnology, 15 (8), 869–872.

Pierrehumbert, R. T. (2013). ‘Hot Climates, High Sensitivity’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110 (35), 14118–14119.

Pigou, A. C. (1920). The Economics of Welfare (1st ed.). Macmillan and Co.

Pimm, S. L., Russell, G. J., Gittleman, J. L., and Brooks, T. M. (1995). ‘The Future of Biodiversity’. Science, 269 (5222), 347–350.

Pinker, S. (2012). The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined. Penguin. [Пинкер С. Лучшее в нас. Почему насилия в мире стало меньше. М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2022. Перевод Г. Бородиной и С. Кузнецовой.]

Pinker, S. (2018). Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress. Penguin. [Пинкер С. Просвещение продолжается. В защиту разума, науки, гуманизма и прогресса. М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2021. Перевод Г. Бородиной и С. Кузнецовой.]

Piran, T., and Jimenez, R. (2014). ‘Possible Role of Gamma Ray Bursts on Life Extinction in the Universe’. Physical Review Letters, 113 (23), 231102–1–231102–6.

Pope, K. O., Baines, K. H., Ocampo, A. C., and Ivanov, B. A. (1997). ‘Energy, Volatile Production, and Climatic Effects of the Chicxulub Cretaceous/Tertiary Impact’. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 102 (E9), 21645–21664.

Popp, M., Schmidt, H., and Marotzke, J. (2016). ‘Transition to a Moist Greenhouse with CO2 and Solar Forcing’. Nature Communications, 7 (1), 10 627.

Quigley, J., and Revie, M. (2011). ‘Estimating the Probability of Rare Events: Addressing Zero Failure Data’. Risk Analysis, 31 (7), 1120–1132.

Radford, A., Metz, L., and Chintala, S. (2015). Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks. ArXiv, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.06434

Raible, C. C., et al. (2016). ‘Tambora 1815 as a Test Case for High Impact Volcanic Eruptions: Earth System Effects’. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 7 (4), 569–589.

Rampino, M. R., and Self, S. (1992). ‘Volcanic Winter and Accelerated Glaciation Following the Toba Super-Eruption’. Nature, 359 (6390), 50–52.

Ramsey, F. P. (1928). ‘A Mathematical Theory of Saving’. The Economic Journal, 38 (152), 543.

RAND (n. d.). RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents. https://www.rand.org/nsrd/projects/terrorism-incidents.html

Ranjan, R., et al. (2018). ‘Deep Learning for Understanding Faces: Machines May Be Just as Good, or Better, than Humans’. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 35 (1), 66–83.

Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Belknap. [Ролз, Дж. Теория справедливости. М.: URSS, 2010. Перевод В. Целищева.]

Reagan, R., and Weinraub, B. (12 February 1985). ‘Transcript of Interview with President Reagan on a Range of Issues’. The New York Times.

Rees, M. (2003). Our Final Century. Random House.

Reisner, J., et al. (2018). ‘Climate