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“Preventing from Pernicious Ways”: Jewish Movement in the late Soviet Union and the Reproduction of Intolerance
Galina Zelenina
Russian State University for the Humanities,
Moscow, Russia
The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy
and Public Administration,
Moscow, Russia
ORCID: 0000–0001–9411–4102
Ph.D. in History, Associate Professor
Department of Jewish Theology, Biblical and Jewish Studies,
Russian State University for the Humanities
6 Miusskaya sq., bld. 1, office 605, 125993 GSP-3 Moscow, Russia
Tel.: +7 495 250 64 70
Senior Researcher
The School for the Advanced Studies in the Humanities, The Russian
Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Prospekt Vernadskogo, 82, bld. 9, 119606 Moscow Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
DOI: 10.31168/2658–3356.2022.9
Abstract. Drawing on ego-documents, samizdat, and oral histories, this article examines Soviet Jewish refuseniks’ attitudes to two of their Jewish Others: Judeo-Christians and so-called noshrim – that is, Jews who used Israeli visas to emigrate to the USA or other Western countries. It describes how refusniks marginalized and transformed Judeo-Christians and noshrim into inner enemies, and discusses the probable patterns and reasons for this intolerance in the contexts of Jewish history, the sociology of envy, and studies on the Soviet personality and collective values.
Keywords: Jewish national movement, USSR, emigration, Refuseniks, Judeo-Christians, Jewish history, Soviet Jewry, Soviet collective
References
Abrahams, I., 1993, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages. Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society, 452.
Baron, S. W., 1965, A Social and Religious History of the Jews. Vol. 9: Under Church and Empire, 1200–1650. New York, Columbia University Press, 350.
Charnyi, S., 2018, Samizdatskii krug chteniia pozdnesovetskogo religioznogo evreia (po materialam Arkhiva Vaada Rossii) [Samizdat reading of the late Soviet religious Jew]. Acta Samizdatica / Zapiski o samizdate: al’manakh, 4, 220–230.
Dubnov, S. M., 2003, Istoriia evreev v Evrope: ot nachala ikh poseleniia do kontsa 18 veka. Vol. 3: Novoe vremia (16–17 vek). Rasseianie sefardov i gegemoniia ashkenazov [History of the
