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1
Ричард М. Валелли, Две реконструкции: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 28-29; Gregory P. Downs, After Appomattox: Military Occupation and the Ends of War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 113-19; ""Реконструкция", 18 декабря 1865 года в Конгрессе", в Beverly Wilson Palmer and Holly Byers Ochoa, eds., The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998), Volume 2: April 1865-August 1868, 51.
2
Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877 (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 228-47; Michael Les Benedict, A Compromise of Principle: Congressional Republicans and Reconstruction, 1863-1869 (New York: Norton, 1974), 142-43; Eric L. McKitrick, Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), 274-76.
3
Downs, 118-29; Foner, 232-33.
4
Foner, 239-51.
5
Downs, 121-23; Foner, 243-45.
6
Кейт Мазур, Пример для всей земли: Emancipation and the Struggle over Equality in Washington, D.C. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 117-18; Foner, 243-45.
7
McKitrick, 293-95; Foner, 247-49.
8
Ганс Л. Трефусс, Эндрю Джонсон: A Biography (New York: Norton, 1989), 241-42.
9
McKitrick, 314-19; Nancy Isenberg, White Trash: The 400-Year Untold History of Class in America (New York: Viking, 2016), 182-83; Michael Perman, Reunion without Compromise: The South and Reconstruction: 1865-1868 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973), 190-93; Foner, 250-51.
10
Foner, 249-51; McKitrick, 314-19.
11
Маккитрик, 318-19.
12
Ibid., 317-23; Foner, 250-51; William S. McFeely, Yankee Stepfather: General O. O.
Howard and the Freedmen (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968), 246, 268, 271.
13
Бенджамин Платт Томас, Стэнтон: The Life and Times of Lincoln's Secretary of War, ed. Harold Melvin Hyman (New York: Knopf, 1962), 473-88, 516-17; Downs, 105-6, 126, 146-48, 156-57; Harold M. Hyman, "Stanton, and Grant: Пересмотр роли армии в событиях, приведших к импичменту", Американское историческое обозрение 66, № 1 (1960): 85-93; Thomas, 473-88, 516-17.
14
Даунс, После Аппоматтокса, 89-91, 103-8, 142, 152, 257-63.
15
Downs, After Appomattox, 132-33, 141-45, 152-53.
16
Foner, 19°; Steven Hahn, A Nation under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South, from Slavery to the Great Migration (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003), 155; Downs, 145; Perman, 43, 99-1°°°, 135-36.
17
Грегори П. Даунс, Декларации зависимости: The Long Reconstruction of Popular Politics in the South, 1861-1908 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 90-98.
18
Downs, After Appomattox, 145-46.
19
Stephen V. Ash, A Massacre in Memphis (New York: Hill & Wang, 2013): для напряженности, 42-54, 62-86; для вспышки, 93-99; для бунта, 100-58; для количества жертв, 180-82.
20
Foner, 261-64; George C. Rable, But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984), 51-56; Paul Andrew Hutton, Phil Sheridan and His Army (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 22-23.
21
В случае с Луизианой правительство было создано в рамках Реконструкции, начатой Линкольном во время войны. Foner, 264; Perman, 209-28; Carole Emberton, Beyond Redemption: Race, Violence, and the American South after the Civil War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013), 50-51; Downs, After Appomattox, 149.
22
Foner, 253-61; Downs, After Appomattox, 127-28.
23
Майкл Кент Кертис, No State Shall Abridge: The 14th Amendment and the Bill of Rights (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1986), 83-91; Perman, 209-28; William E. Nelson, The Fourteenth Amendment: From Political Principle to Judicial Doctrine (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), 45-46, 57-58; Foner, 253-63.
24
Amy Dru Stanley, From Bondage to Contract: Wage Labor, Marriage, and the Market in the Age of Slave Emancipation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 55; Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence (New York: Random House, 1998); Curtis, 70-77, 80-81, 86-89; Nelson, 64-90, 110-11.
25
Downs, After Appomattox, 130; Foner, 253-55.
26
Foner, 264-68; Perman, 209-28; Downs, After Appomattox, 130-31.
27
Hyman, 93-95; Trefousse, 257; Thomas, 499-507.
28
Джим Даунс, "Больной от свободы: African-American Illness and Suffering During the Civil War and Reconstruction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 6-8, 14-17.
29
Хизер Кокс Ричардсон, Смерть Реконструкции: Race, Labor, and Politics in the Post-Civil War North, 1865-1901 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), 11; Leon F. Litwack, Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery (New York: Knopf, dist. Random House, 1979), 363; Laura F. Edwards, Gendered Strife & Confusion: The Political Culture of Reconstruction (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 33.
30
Эмбертон, 40-45.
31
Emberton, 65; Downs, Sick from Freedom, 72-74, Downs, Declarations of Dependence,
1-14.
32
Paul A. Cimbala, The Freedmen's Bureau: Reconstructing the American South after the Civil War (Malabar, FL: Krieger, 2005), 40-44, 64; Edwards, 25, 45-54, 66-67.
33
Downs, Declarations of Dependence, 75-100; Cimbala, 42-43; Noralee Frankel, Freedom's Women: Black Women and Families in Civil War Era Mississippi (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), 153-54; Michael W. Fitzgerald, The Union League Movement in the Deep South: Politics and Agricultural Change During Reconstruction (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989), 18-19.
34
Frankel, 153-54; Downs, Sick from Freedom, 132.
35
Стэнли, 48-50.
36
Джули Сэвилл, Работа Реконструкции: From Slave to Wage Laborer in South Carolina, 1860-1870 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 103-10; Hahn, 66-73, 83; Thavolia Glymph, Out of the House of Bondage: The Transformation of the Plantation Household (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 168-71, 179; Susan E. O'Donovan, Becoming Free in the Cotton South (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), 162-207; Edwards, 24-65, 145-83; полное обсуждение черных семей, сексуальных отношений и гендерных отношений см. в Frankel, 79-118, 146-54.
37
Стэнли Энгерман, "Рабство и его последствия для Юга в XIX веке", в Кембриджской экономической истории Соединенных Штатов, под ред. Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 357. Преемственность между борьбой чернокожих за свободу и автономию в рабские и пострабовладельческие времена - тема книг Hahn, Nation Under Our Feet; Gavin Wright, Old South, New South: Revolutions in the Southern Economy since the Civil War (New York: Basic Books, 1986), 84-89, 93-94; Frankel, 64-65, 71-78.
38
Райт, 17-50; Литвак, 448.
39
Downs, Declarations of Dependence, 2-13, 76-77, 85-86.
40
Trefousse, 264-65; Downs, 164-66; Hamlin Garland, A Son of the Middle Border (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1928), 8.
41
Трефусс, 267, 271; Фонер, 265-72; Перман, 248-49.
42
Фонер, 271-72; Трефусс, 264-65; Перман, 229-65; Мазур,
