38. Broadwater and Lipton, “Documents Detail Foreign Government Spending.”

39. Melissa Zhu, “Najib Razak: Malaysia’s Ex-PM Starts Jail Term After Final Appeal Fails,” BBC News, August 23, 2022.

40. Broadwater and Lipton, “Documents Detail Foreign Government Spending.”

41. Katherine Sullivan, “How a Nigerian Presidential Candidate Hired a Trump Lobbyist and Ended Up in Trump’s Lobby—‘Trump, Inc.’ Podcast,” ProPublica, February 27, 2019.

42. Scott Bixby, “Trump’s Ukraine Conspiracy Theory Came from Paul Manafort During his 2016 Campaign: Mueller Notes,” Daily Beast, November 4, 2019.

43. Jim Rutenberg, “The Untold Story of ‘Russiagate’ and the Road to War in Ukraine,” New York Times, November 2, 2022.

44. Radley Balko, “No-Knock Raids Like the One Against Paul Manafort Are More Common than You Think,” Washington Post, August 10, 2017.

45. U.S. v. Paul J. Manafort Jr. and Konstantin Kilimnik, Superseding Indictment, U.S. District Court, District of Columbia, Case No. 1:17-cr-00201-ABJ, June 8, 2018, www.justice.gov/archives/sco/page/file/1070326/download.

46. U.S. v. Paul J. Manafort Jr. and Richard W. Gates III, Indictment, U.S. District Court, District of Columbia, Case No. Case No. 1:17-cr-00201-ABJ, October 30, 2017, www.justice.gov/file/1007271/download.

47. Ibid.

48. Sharon LaFraniere, “Paul Manafort’s Prison Sentence Is Nearly Doubled to 7½ Years,” New York Times, March 13, 2019.

49. Dartunorro Clark, Gary Grumbach, and Charlie Gile, “Manafort Gets 7.5 Years in Prison, After Additional 43 Months in Second Sentencing,” NBC News, March 13, 2019.

50. Paul Manafort, Political Prisoner: Persecuted, Prosecuted, but Not Silenced (New York: Skyhorse, 2022).

51. Theodoric Meyer, “Flynn Admits to Lying About Turkish Lobbying,” Politico, December 1, 2017. Trump later pardoned Flynn, who was never imprisoned.

52. U.S. Department of Justice, “Elliott Broidy Pleads Guilty.”

53. Soo Rin Kim, “Trump Associates Who Have Been Sent to Prison or Faced Criminal Charges,” ABC News, January 17, 2020.

54. Skadden settlement agreement, January 15, 2019, https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1124381/download.

55. Kenneth P. Vogel and Matthew Goldstein, “Law Firm to Pay $4.6 Million in Case Tied to Manafort and Ukraine,” New York Times, January 17, 2019.

56. Kenneth P. Vogel, “Skadden Said to Have Paid $11 Million to Settle Ukraine Dispute,” New York Times, May 10, 2020.

57. David D. Kirkpatrick and Mark Mazzetti, “Prosecutors Add Details to Foreign Lobbying Charges Against Trump Ally,” New York Times, May 17, 2022.

58. Eric Tucker, “US Sues Casino Mogul Steve Wynn over Relationship with China,” Associated Press, May 17, 2022.

59. Erica Orden, “How Federal Prosecutors Are Pursuing Rudy Giuliani,” CNN, May 22, 2021.

60. Julia Ainsley, Andrew W. Lehren, and Anna Schecter, “The Mueller Effect: FARA Filings Soar in Shadow of Manafort, Flynn Probes,” NBC News, January 18, 2018.

61. Katie Benner, “Justice Dept. to Step Up Enforcement of Foreign Influence Laws,” New York Times, March 6, 2019.

62. Office of Senator Elizabeth Warren, “Anti-Corruption and Public Integrity Act,” August 21, 2018.

63. “The Biden Plan to Guarantee Government Works for the People,” https://joebiden.com/governmentreform/#, accessed 3 March 2023.

16. THE REPUBLIC ITSELF IS AT RISK

1. Quoted in Scott Weidensaul, Living on the Wind: Across the Hemisphere with Migratory Birds (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000).

2. Paul Manafort, Political Prisoner: Persecuted, Prosecuted, but Not Silenced (New York: Skyhorse, 2022).

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. “Trump Pardons Paul Manafort, Roger Stone and Charles Kushner,” BBC News, December 24, 2020.

6. Franklin Foer, “The Triumph of Kleptocracy,” The Atlantic, December 23, 2020.

7. David L. Stern, “FAQ: Who Is Konstantin Kilimnik and Why Does His Name Appear 800 Times in a Senate Report?,” Washington Post, August 18, 2020.

8. “Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, on Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election, Volume 5: Counterintelligence Threats and Vulnerabilities,” 116th Cong., 1st Sess., Report 116-XXX.

9. Ibid.

10. Aaron Blake, “The Senate’s ‘Grave’ Russia Report: What We Learned, and What It Means,” Washington Post, August 18, 2020.

11. “Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence.”

12. Charlie Savage, “Trump Pardons Michael Flynn, Ending Case His Justice Dept. Sought to Shut Down,” New York Times, November 25, 2020.

13. Theodoric Meyer, “Emails Give New Detail About Mercury, Podesta Role in Manafort’s Lobbying,” Politico, September 13, 2018.

14. It’s worth noting that there’s no evidence that Hunter’s work in Ukraine or elsewhere affected his father’s policies. If anything, in Ukraine, such a scheme appeared to backfire; Biden publicly called for Ukrainian authorities to specifically investigate the firm his son was affiliated with. See Casey Michel, “Trump’s Big Lie About Joe Biden, Hunter Biden, and Ukraine Falls Apart,” The Daily Beast, September 29, 2019.

15. Casey Michel, “The Emerging Artistry of Hunter Biden,” The Atlantic, September 28, 2021.

16. Sarah Chayes, “Hunter Biden’s Perfectly Legal, Socially Acceptable Corruption,” The Atlantic, September 27, 2019.

17. Theodoric Meyer, “How Lobbyists Are Supporting Biden,” Politico, April 26, 2019.

18. Mark Paustenbach and Mark Skidmore, “Larry Rasky: A Legendary Democratic Operative Who Boosted Joe Biden,” Politico Magazine, December 26, 2020.

19. Casey Michel, “Biden’s Super PAC Buddy Has a Paul Manafort Problem,” New Republic, November 1, 2019.

20. Author interview with Larry Rasky.

21. Karin Fischer, “Far-Reaching Investigations of Colleges’ Foreign Ties Could Be Closed,” letter to the editor, Chronicle of Higher Education, October 5, 2022.

22. Jimmy Quinn, “Biden Admin Winds Down Probes into Universities’ Foreign Gifts,” National Review, October 18, 2022.

23. U.S. Department of Justice, National Security Division, email to [addressee redacted], “Re: [Company] Request for Advisory Opinion Pursuant to 28 C.F.R. § 5.2,” April 12, 2022, https://www.justice.gov/nsd-fara/page/file/1526096/download.

24. The State Department did not respond to my questions regarding requirements or requests about think tanks and foreign funding disclosure.

25. U.S. v. Gregory B. Craig, Grand Jury Indictment, U.S. District Court, District of Columbia, April 11, 2019, https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/press-release/file/1153646/download.

26. Matthew Continetti, “The Shameful Saga of Greg Craig,” Commentary, October 2019.

27. Sharon LaFraniere, “Gregory Craig Acquitted on Charge of Lying to Justice Department,” New York Times, September 4, 2019.

28. Ibid.

29. Ibid.

30. Instead of FARA, Barrack was charged with violating a statute known as Section 951, a related lobbying-